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Brandi CD y cols. Reconstrucción fálica microquirúrgica. Rev Argent Cir. 2024;116(2):134-145
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ENGLISH VERSION
Introducꢁon
The total or parꢀal absence of the penis
radial artery and superficial veins up to its origin in the
brachial artery. In all three cases, the flap was raised
including a superficial branch of the musculocutaneous
causes physical limitaꢀons and psychosocial distress. sensory nerve.
The impact of penile absence depends on the cause
Aꢃer the dissecꢀon was complete, the lateral
edges of the flap were sutured, and the distal edge
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and the age of the paꢀent .
Phallic reconstrucꢀon (PR) may be needed was closed to form a tube (Fig. 2). The radial artery and
due to congenital defects (hypospadias, epispadias or veins were secꢀoned aꢃer the recipient vessels were
2
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penile agenesis), cancer, trauma , or gender dysphoria . prepared for microsurgical anastomoses.
It is a complex surgical procedure that must
address morphological aspects such as size and shape,
and funcꢀonal aspects such as micturiꢀon, erecꢀon,
Dissecꢁon of vessels and recipient site
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,4
ejaculaꢀon, and somaꢀc and erogenous sensaꢀon .
The urologists dissected the urethra and soꢃ
Due to its complexity, paꢀents should ꢀssues. The team performing microsurgery accessed
undergo mulꢀdisciplinary evaluaꢀon, and surgery
the recipient vessels in the epigastric region by making
should be performed by a surgical team consisꢀng of a right inguinal incision and opening the transversalis
urologists and reconstrucꢀve surgeons specialized in fascia to reach the preperitoneal space. In one paꢀent
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,4
microsurgery .
The aim of this study was to describe the
the inguinal incision was extended to reach the
femoral vessels. The radial artery was secꢀoned and
results of a series of paꢀents undergoing microsurgical the flap was sutured in the genital area. Its pedicle
PR using radial forearm flap (RFF). We also evaluated was then approached to the recipient vessels through
the recovery of tacꢀle and erogenous sensaꢀon, sexual a subcutaneous tunnel. Microarterial anastomoses
funcꢀon, and paꢀent saꢀsfacꢀon using a non-validated were performed with separate sutures using a 9-0
scale.
nylon suture. An end-to-end anastomosis between the
epigastric artery and the radial artery was performed
in 2 cases, and an end-to-side anastomosis between
the femoral artery and the radial artery was performed
in 1 case. The same technique was used to perform
venous anastomoses. Two venous anastomoses
were performed in each of the three cases. Then
an end-to-end anastomosis was made between the
musculocutaneous nerve and the iliohypogastric
nerve.
Material and methods
Between July 2014 and July 2017, a team
of specialists from the Departments of Urology and
General Surgery performed PR using RFF on three
paꢀents without gender dysphoria.
The donor site area was repaired with a thin
skin graꢃ from the thigh (Fig. 3).
Surgical technique
Outline and dissecꢁon of the radial forearm flap
Addiꢀonal intervenꢀons
In all paꢀents, the non-dominant arm was
used to raise the flap. Allen’s test was performed to
In the late postoperaꢀve period, addiꢀonal
procedures were performed to improve the appearance
of the neophallus, such as the reconstrucꢀon of the
coronal sulcus using the Norfolk technique (Fig. 4),
creaꢀon of a neourethra to micturate in the standing
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evaluate if the circulaꢀon of the palm was adequate .
The flap was outlined over the volar aspect of
the forearm and the course of the cephalic and basilic
veins and the radial artery were marked. A skin paddle
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of 12 × 15 cm was outlined around the radial artery axis. posiꢀon (Fig. 5) and inserꢀon of a prosthesis to achieve
In none of the cases was the flap intended for urethral
reconstrucꢀon (Fig. 1). The flap was raised from distal
erecꢀon.
The paꢀents were asked to report on the
to proximal, ligaꢀng the superficial peripheral veins tacꢀle and erogenous sensaꢀon and the appearance
dissecꢀng the antebrachial fascia which was raised and of the neophallus at 12 and 24 months. Superficial
included into the flap. The distal radial artery was then sensaꢀon was assessed by physical examinaꢀon, and
ligated, and the dissecꢀon was conꢀnued between the erogenous sensaꢀon was only assessed in the paꢀent
vascular bundle and the muscular plane that covers
the radius. Aꢃer reaching the proximal border of the
with epispadias. The overall saꢀsfacꢀon with the
procedure was evaluated by means of a non-validated
flap, dissecꢀon conꢀnued following the course of the quesꢀonnaire.