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BM Moroni y col. Fístula perianal compleja. Rev Argent Cirug 2020; 112(2):197-202
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ENGLISH VERSION
Anal fistulas are one of the most common PRP kit 24-48 hours before the procedure and frozen
o
anorectal disorders, and account for 10-30% of all at -80 C, obtaining the platelet lysate necessary for
coloproctology procedures. This condiꢀon represents the release of platelet-derived growth factors. To
a great challenge for colorectal surgery due to its high obtain autologous platelet gel, calcium gluconate
recurrence rate and the risk of the different grades of and autologous thrombin were added to platelet-rich
postoperaꢀve fecal inconꢀnence . The term complex plasma.
perianal fistula emerges from many situaꢀons in which
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The procedure was performed in the operaꢀng
surgical management results more difficult and has room under sedaꢀon, with the paꢀent placed in
higher risk of recurrence. Complex anal fistulas include the lithotomy posiꢀon. Once the surgical field was
suprasphincteric, extrasphincteric and transsphincteric prepared, the perianal region was thoroughly explored.
fistulas, recurrent fistulas, anterior fistulas, mulꢀple Platelet-rich plasma was administrated on the healthy
fistulas with their corresponding internal and external skin around the lesion using a 25 G needle, while
orifices and those associated with inflammatory bowel autologous plasma gel was applied topically to the
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disease or anal tuberculosis . Several therapeuꢀc lesions (Fig. 1).
opꢀons have been developed for complex perianal
Eleven injecꢀons were applied with an iniꢀal
fistulas with negaꢀve outcome in paꢀents’ quality interval of two weeks and then monthly, according
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of life and with a success rate not greater than 80% . to the paꢀent’s clinical needs. The success of the
The recurrence aꢂer closure with advancement flap is procedure was based on perianal healing associated
between 10 and 60% and between 22 and 30% with with the closure of the fistula (Fig. 2).
the use of silk thread, while long-term recurrence aꢂer
The paꢀent conꢀnues with daily topical
applicaꢀon of cream formulaꢀon with autologous
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closure with fibrin glue ranges between 14 and 60% .
In order to find effecꢀve therapeuꢀc plasma and is followed-up once a month in the
alternaꢀves, autologous growth factors have proved outpaꢀent clinic.
to be useful in several studies, especially in chronic
inflammatory diseases that require ꢀssue repair.
Given the complexity of the surgical treatment
of this condiꢀon, great efforts have been made to
Autologous platelet-derived growth factors introduce less aggressive treatments, such as fibrin
PRP) for the treatment of complex perianal fistula glue and plugs, but the results are sꢀll inconsistent and
(
has emerged in the literature as a novel and effecꢀve scarcely encouraging.
therapeuꢀc alternaꢀve that may offer significant
Platelet-rich plasma with growth factors and
benefits with a healing rate > 60% and without new cytokines has been widely used in the clinical field and
5
,6
conꢀnence disorders .
has proved to be highly effecꢀve in acceleraꢀng ꢀssue
A 19-year-old male paꢀent with a history of repair in chronic inflammatory skin wounds.
steroid dependent ulceraꢀve coliꢀs diagnosed two Autologous plasma has been applied in
years before sought medical advice in June 2017 due various procedures in many surgical specialꢀes for
to perianal pain associated with perianal fistulas. The both cosmeꢀc and funcꢀonal purposes, with good
paꢀent had a history of total proctocolectomy with results. Similarly, PRP has a potenꢀal applicaꢀon for the
ileostomy in 2015 due to an inflammatory exacerbaꢀon treatment of perianal fistulas. Several case series have
that was unresponsive to aggressive medical treatment. been reported2
,4-6
.
He also presented mulꢀple perianal abscesses that were
PRP contains a platelet concentraꢀon and
treated by surgical drainage; during the procedure, growth factors that is higher than the baseline
fistulous tracts and perianal bloody bed were observed concentraꢀon obtained aꢂer centrifugaꢀon. Platelet
without response to sucꢀon drainage.
acꢀon begins aꢂer 10 minutes and the healing effect
On physical examinaꢀon the paꢀent presented lasts five days. In this way, PRP promotes healing by
a perianal fistula with severe chronic involvement of the aꢃracꢀng cells, suppressing cytokine release and
perianal skin.
limiꢀng local inflammaꢀon. Furthermore, PRP interacts
A magneꢀc resonance imaging of the pelvis with macrophages facilitaꢀng ꢀssue repair and
showed a transsphincteric fistulous tract at the 6 o’clock acceleraꢀng epithelializaꢀon in chronic ꢀssue damage.
posiꢀon in the direcꢀon of the ischioanal fossa.
As opposed to PRP, fibrin glue has no effect
In view of the complex condiꢀon and the on wound healing because it does not release growth
high probability that the surgical treatment would fail factors and does not promote immunomodulaꢀon;
in a large inflammatory field, we decided to iniꢀate thus, the results with PRP could be more encouraging.
treatment with autologous platelet-rich plasma.
Platelet-rich plasma was obtained with the hospitalizaꢀon.
help of the Department of Hematology; 150 mL of In a study on 60 paꢀents performed by Lara
blood were collected using a commercially available et al. in 2015, the use of PRP was reinforced by the
Another advantage is that they generally do not require
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