E24
JP Medina et al. Subcutaneous endoscopic approach for treatment of diastasis recꢂ. Rev Argent Cirug 2019;111(1):E20-E26
pearance of a bulging of the midline abdominal wall
■
TABLE 1
produces estheꢀc discomfort, which is even more
Demographic data (n = 42)
7
evident in young mulꢀparous women , who are more
Characterisꢀcs
Sex
n
oꢂen requiring surgical correcꢀon. Chronic back pain
due to imbalance between the anterior and posterior
postural muscles of the trunk is another manifestaꢀon.
Some paꢀents with diastasis recꢀ have chronic dis-
comfort at this level, which increases with abdominal
movements.
Men
10
32
24%
76%
Women
Average
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Average
Age (years)
39
Range: 26-63
57.1%
24
Other midline defects, as hernias or incisio-
14
33.3%
ASA risk
nal hernias, may coexist with diastasis recꢀ. If only the
hernia is surgically corrected, we will be correcꢀng a
defect on an anatomically weak ꢀssue: the damaged
linea alba. In consequence, the probability of hernia
recurrence could be high and the estheꢀc result would
be uncertain. Therefore, in the case of an associaꢀon
between diastasis recꢀ and other midline defect, the
simultaneous correcꢀon of both condiꢀons would be
4
9.5%
-
-
BMI
26.8%
Range: 21.6- 28.6
BMI, body mass index
reduced by 50% at 12 hours in 90% of the paꢀents and
was disconꢀnued before the first 24 hours in all the
cases. The adequate management of analgesia has a
direct impact on hospital stay. We did not find a sta-
8
recommended .
Nowadays, abdominoplasty is the treatment
most commonly used when diastasis recꢀ is associated
with abdominal lipodystrophy. Plasꢀc surgeons use a
suprapubic approach with a bi-iliac transverse incision.
Once the dermoepidermal flap is released and the
subxiphoid region is reached, the diastasis recꢀ is co-
rrected with the plicaꢀon of both superficial aponeuro-
sis, covering any other associated defect. The umbilicus
is then reinserted once all the abdomen skin has been
stretched downwards, and excessive skin and subcuta-
neous cellular ꢀssue are removed, achieving an accep-
ꢀ
sꢀcally significant correlaꢀon between hospital stay/
postoperaꢀve pain (measured with a VAS) and the size
of the diastasis or associated defect.
Pain intensity at 12 h and at 7 postoperaꢀve
days evaluated by VAS was 4.1 points (range 1–6). The
average degree of saꢀsfacꢀon with the cosmeꢀc result
was 9.5 (range 8-10). All the paꢀents were very saꢀs-
fied with the estheꢀc and funcꢀonal results and the
procedure met their preoperaꢀve expectaꢀons.
Postoperaꢀve morbidity was recorded accor-
9
table estheꢀc result .
Another opꢀon for the correcꢀon of diasta-
sis recꢀ is the laparoscopic approach. The correcꢀon
is achieved using conꢀnuous intracorporeal sutures or
transfascial sꢀtches associated with placement of an
intra-abdominal reinforced mesh (IPOM). Although the
procedure is feasible, a demoepidermal protrusion may
be visible in the midline due to an anterior or external
plicaꢀon, producing estheꢀc discomfort. At the same
7
ding to the Clavien-Dindo classificaꢀon. Infraumbilical
seroma was the most common complicaꢀon: minor
seroma (grade 1) occurred in 48% (n = 20) of the pa-
ꢀ
ents, had no clinical repercussion and resolved spon-
taneously. Only 6 (14%) paꢀents required fine-needle
aspiraꢀon (grade 2 seroma) during outpaꢀent follow-
up. Surgical site infecꢀons or necroꢀzing skin infecꢀons
were not reported.
ꢀ
me, working against tracꢀon due to the pressure exer-
Musculoskeletal ultrasound was performed
in 93.1% (n = 39) of the paꢀents 8 to 10 months aꢂer
surgery. Diastasis or incisional hernias did not recur any
of the paꢀents. Only one paꢀent presented signs su-
ggesꢀve of suprapubic seroma that was managed with
a conservaꢀve approach.
Mean postoperaꢀve follow-up was 19 months
7-35). There was no evidence of clinical or ultrasound
recurrence in any of the paꢀents during follow-up.
ted by the pneumoperitoneum results in excessive ten-
sion to close the midline and in instability of the suture,
creaꢀng technical difficulꢀes for the surgeon.
Finally, the subcutaneous endoscopic ap-
2
proach published by Bellido Luque et al. in 2013 pro-
vides a new therapeuꢀc alternaꢀve. In our series, using
the same technique we placed three trocars via the
suprapubic access, and with an insufflaꢀon pressure of
(
8
-10 mm Hg, we performed totally endoscopic preapo-
neuroꢀc correcꢀon of the midline defects associated
with diastasis recꢀ.
Discussion
The procedure was completed in all our pa-
ents without complicaꢀons. The use of barbed sutures
ꢀ
Diastasis recꢀ is defined as a separaꢀon of the
midlineorlineaalbaduetolaxityoftheinter-crossedfibers
of both aponeurosis of the rectus abdominis muscles .
Surgical correcꢀon of this condiꢀon is sꢀll un-
der debate. Yet, many factors jusꢀfy surgery. The ap-
for the correcꢀon of diastasis recꢀ reduces the surgical
maneuvers, does not require the creaꢀon of knots and
2
,6
1
1
diminishes the surgical ꢀme . Although this suture is
absorbable (180 days), a second conꢀnuous non-absor-
bable monofilament suture was added to ensure more