A García Romera y col. Schwannoma anciano del nervio obturador. Rev Argent Cirug 2020;112(1):63-66
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El abordaje laparoscópico ha sido considera- del nervio es probable que las alteraciones funcionales
do como una opción adecuada en estos pacientes, ya sean permanentes; en cambio, su preservación parcial
1
que la amplificación de la imagen laparoscópica puede puede permiꢀr una recuperación funcional , tal y como
permiꢀrnos idenꢀficar estructuras nerviosas de peque- objeꢀvamos en el caso de nuestro paciente en el que la
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ño tamaño . Si se lleva a cabo una exéresis completa recuperación fue completa.
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ENGLISH VERSION
We report the case of a 77-year-old male pa- and was discharged on postoperaꢀve day 3 aꢁer im-
ent with a history of arthroplasty of the leꢁ knee three proving his motor skills and checking that he was walk-
ꢀ
months before consultaꢀon. The paꢀent complained of ing properly with the help of a crutch.
disabling leꢁ-sided groin pain radiaꢀng to the pelvis,
The histopathological report concluded that
hip and lower leꢁ limb, associated with leꢁ-knee insta- the tumor was a retroperitoneal schwannoma with di-
bility already present before knee replacement.
lated and thickened vessels, areas of bleeding and cys-
The abdomen was soꢁ and depressible on pal- ꢀc transformaꢀon. Immunohistochemical tests showed
paꢀon, with no signs of inguinal or femoral hernias. A intense posiꢀve staining for S-100 protein and negaꢀve
non-mobile, non-tender mass with a size of 3 cm was for CD-34 and EMA. Ki-67 was < 2%. MDM2 gene ampli-
palpable in the leꢁ iliac region; it seemed to be located ficaꢀon by FISH was negaꢀve*.
inside the abdomen. The paꢀent also complained of
paraesthesia on the inner side of the thigh.
Six months aꢁer surgery, the paꢀent walked
without the help of a crutch and was free from pain.
The laboratory tests were normal with hemo- Aꢁer one year, he remained without disease.
globin of 12 g/dL, and tumor markers were within nor-
Schwannomas, also known as neurilemmo-
mal ranges. A colonoscopy was performed, with nor- mas, are benign neurogenic tumors that arise from
mal results. The paꢀent underwent contrast-enhanced the peripheral nerve sheaths. Only 3% occur in pelvic
1
computed tomography scan of the abdomen which nerves, and those of the obturator nerve are extreme-
evidenced a hypodense mass with heterogeneous en- ly rare, with only nine cases described in the literature.
hancement measuring 52 × 44 × 52 mm, conꢀguous
These slow-growing tumors produce symp-
to the leꢁ iliopsoas muscle, suggesꢀve of a sarcoma. A toms associated with compression of the adjacent
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magneꢀc resonance imaging was then performed, but structures or of the nerves where they develop .
did not provide addiꢀonal informaꢀon (Fig. 1).
On gross examinaꢀon schwannomas are oval,
An ultrasound-guided needle biopsy was indi- round or spindle-shaped, well encapsulated, with cys-
cated. The histopathological examinaꢀon reported the ꢀc consistency. On microscopic examinaꢀon schwan-
presence of neural tumor cells without malignant cells, nomas are composed of cellular Antoni A areas alter-
but the sample size was too small.
naꢀng with hypocellular Antoni B areas. Antoni A areas
Thecasewasdiscussedinthecommiꢃeeonsar- have interlacing bundles of spindle-shaped cells with
3
comas, which recommended the removal of the lesion. elongated nuclei arranged in palisades .
Once in the operaꢀng room, the paꢀent was
Some authors consider “ancient schwanno-
placed in the Lloyd-Davies posiꢀon. Under general an- mas” as those exhibiꢀng hemorrhage and cysꢀc cavi-
4
esthesia, a J-double catheter was inserted to support taꢀon in the histopathological examinaꢀon, as in our
the leꢁ ureter. The procedure was performed through case, but with similar clinical manifestaꢀons.
laparoscopic approach. An 11-mm opꢀcal trocar was
Other variants of these tumors include plexi-
placed above the umbilicus and three 5-mm trocars form schwannoma of the skin and subcutaneous ꢀs-
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were inserted in the right iliac region, right lumbar re- sue , mycrocysꢀc schwannoma that occurs mostly in
gion and leꢁ lumbar region. The sigmoid colon was re- the gastrointesꢀnal tract and does not have clinical
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leased, and aꢁer the retroperitoneum was accessed, a manifestaꢀons , and cellular schwannoma, most com-
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x4 cm mass appeared closely aꢃached to the psoas mon in the posterior mediasꢀnum and retroperitone-
muscle but not invading it. The tumor was dissected. um with a predominantly cellular growth and less than
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A nerve sheath was idenꢀfied extending from the le- 10% of Antoni B areas .
sion to the obturator foramen and was resected in the
porꢀon nearest to the tumor, preserving the rest of the
trajectory. The specimen was removed via a Pfannen-
sꢀel-like incision (Fig. 2).
Twenty-four hours aꢁer the procedure, the pa-
*
*: Ki-67: proliferaꢀve index. S-100 protein: marker present in 100%
of schwannomas. CD-34: glycosylated cell surface glycoprotein ove-
rexpressed in stem cells, endothelial cells, hematopoieꢀc cells and
tumor endothelial cells. EMA: marker present in plasma cell tumors
and lymphomas. FISH: fluorescence in situ hybridizaꢀon. MDM2:
negaꢀve regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor, present in soꢁ ꢀs-
sue sarcomas, osteosarcomas and breast cancer.
ꢀ
ent did not present pelvic pain. The leꢁ limb was free
from pain, but the instability and limitaꢀon of move-
ment persisted. The paꢀent iniꢀated physical therapy