2
70 Ruiz CA y cols. Abordaje mininvasivo del empiema pleural crónico mediante videotoracoscopia y SIVIC. Rev Argent Cir. 2024;116(4):266-273
■
ENGLISH VERSION
Introducꢀon
The clinical course of pleural empyema
Results
A total of 13 paꢀents were treated during the
is associated with high morbidity and mortality study period; mean age was 66 years (range 39-80) and
despite the availability of specific anꢀbioꢀc therapy 8 were male.
1
-3
and minimally invasive surgical procedures . Over
Eight paꢀents presented with dyspnea, 9 with
the past 20 years, there has been a steady increase chest pain and 13 had fever. Mean ꢀme from the onset
in the number of cases requiring major surgery, of symptoms was 37 days (range 25-60).
either decorꢀcaꢀon or thoracostomy, to resolve
Three paꢀents had previously undergone
this condiꢀon1. Vacuum-assisted therapy has been pleural drainage. One paꢀent had a history of
introduced for the management of chronic empyema pleural lavage and drainage through video-assisted
in elderly paꢀents or those with comorbidiꢀes, using thoracoscopy and was admiꢁed with purulent discharge
conꢀnuous negaꢀve intrapleural pressure with the aim from the surgical site.
of reducing the operaꢀve risk and using less invasive
All the paꢀents underwent a chest radiography
on admission and a chest computed tomography scan
1
,2,4
.
and less muꢀlaꢀng techniques
Our experience began in August 2023 in subsequently. Video-assisted thoracoscopy and ICVS
an elderly paꢀent with chronic empyema with were indicated in those paꢀents with chronic empyema
contraindicaꢀons for decorꢀcaꢀon under general or empyema in the organized stage diagnosed by
anesthesia who underwent a minimally invasive computed tomography scan of the chest which showed
approach to the pleural cavity. This procedure consisted the empyema and pleural thickening or cortex. Once the
of uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopy, pleural thoracic empyema was idenꢀfied, the paꢀents underwent
lavage and an original surgical resource of secꢀoning ultrasound-guided thoracocentesis and the samples
the pleural peel under local anesthesia and sedaꢀon obtained were sent for pleural fluid tesꢀng and culture.
to facilitate pulmonary re-expansion and using an
All the paꢀents underwent ultrasound-guided
intracavitary vacuum system, which we named ICVS. thoracocentesis, uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopy,
This system sucꢀons the purulent content, facilitates and pleural lavage. The visceral peel was opened and
decontaminaꢀon of the cavity, lung re-expansion and the ICVS was constructed in all the cases. The type of
closure of the cavity.
anesthesia used was sedaꢀon and local anesthesia in
The aim of this study was to describe the results 8 paꢀents, general anesthesia in 5: selecꢀve bronchial
of the management of paꢀents with chronic pleural intubaꢀon in 2 and orotracheal intubaꢀon in 3.
empyema using uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopy
and ICVS.
Aꢃer posiꢀoning the paꢀent in the lateral
decubitus posiꢀon, ultrasound was performed for site
marking (Fig. 1).
Then a minimal 1.5-cm thoracotomy was done,
and the content was aspirated (Fig. 2).
Material and methods
Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopy was
We conducted a retrospecꢀve, observaꢀonal performed with a 30º 10-mm camera (Fig. 3). The
and descripꢀve study using data obtained from the procedure conꢀnued with pleural lavage, aspiraꢀon of
medical records of paꢀents with diagnosis of chronic purulent fluid, debridement, irrigaꢀon and drainage
pleural empyema treated between August 2023 unꢀl the cavity was cleared.
and February 2024 by the same surgical team. Our
Then, the pleural peel resulꢀng from the
experience was performed in two centers: Hospital infecꢀon that prevented lung expansion was idenꢀfied
Nacional Prof. Dr. Alejandro Posadas (6 paꢀents) and and opened with a cautery knife using low energy (Fig.
Clínica Modelo Los Cedros (7 paꢀents).
4), making parallel incisions caudally with delicate
The demographic variables, the clinical movements so as not to injure the visceral pleura and
presentaꢀon on admission and the diagnosꢀc tests prevent bleeding and air leakage.
used were analyzed. The surgical procedure and the
The ICVS was then created. A pleural tube with
results in terms of infecꢀon control and closure of the all the fenestraꢀons covered with high-density foam
cavity are described. The series was analyzed to idenꢀfy sponge was introduced into the cavity. In this way, the
complicaꢀon and mortality rates.
sucꢀon pressure could be homogeneously distributed
Conꢀnuous variables were expressed as mean throughout the cavity (Fig. 5).
and range and categorical variables as percentages.
The drain was fixed to the skin and hermeꢀcally