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López AE y col. Hernia lumbar de Grynfelꢀ- Lesshaꢁ . Rev Argent Cir. 2024;116(3):233-238
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ENGLISH VERSION
Lumbar hernias (LH) are rare abdominal wall
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FIGURE 1
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defects and account for 2% of all hernias .
The lumbar region is defined by the following
anatomic boundaries: superiorly by the 12th rib,
inferiorly by the iliac crest, posteriorly by the spinal
muscles, and anteriorly by the external oblique
muscle. In this anatomic region, two well-defined
areas of weakness are idenꢁfied, the superior lumbar
(
Grynfelꢀ-Lesshaꢃ) triangle and the inferior lumbar
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(
Peꢁt) triangle .
Paul Barbeꢀe described a LH for the first ꢁme
in 1672 in France. In 1728, T. Budgeon described a
congenital LH and in 1731 R. Garengeot published a
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postmortem case of a LH .
In 1783, Jean Louis Peꢁt provided a detailed
descripꢁon of a strangulated LH and determined the
anatomic boundaries of the inferior lumbar triangle,
which was named aꢃer him. For almost 80 years,
LHs were considered Peꢁt hernias unꢁl 1866, when
Grynfelꢀ described the anatomy of the superior lumbar
triangle. One year later, Lesshaꢃ, a German researcher,
reported his findings in the same anatomic region
and the triangle became known as Grynfelꢀ-Lesshaꢃ
CT scan image. Right lumbar hernia.
and closure of the hernia ring, the incision was closed
in anatomic layers (Fig. 2 A, B, C). The paꢁent had
favorable postoperaꢁve outcome and was discharged
6 hours later. She aꢀended follow-up visits, underwent
serial imaging tests during 6 months and remained
asymptomaꢁc and with no signs of recurrence.
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triangle .
A review of the global literature reveals that
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there are just over 300 published cases of primary HL .
The lumbar region has two well-defined areas
We report the case of a 72-year-old woman
who sought medical care due to right low back pain
over the past 2 years. She was treated with analgesics
and physiotherapy without clinical improvement. One
year prior, the pain was associated with the presence of
a local bulge that had been gradually increasing in size.
On physical examinaꢁon a tumor was observed
of weakness made up of two anatomic triangles: the
superior lumbar (Grynfelꢀ-Lesshaꢃ) triangle and the
inferior lumbar (Peꢁt) triangle. The superior lumbar
triangle has an inverted base, is larger and more
constant, and is deeply situated. It is bordered at the
th
base by the 12 rib, the anterior edge is formed by
the internal oblique muscle and the posterior side is
formed by the sacrospinal muscles. The floor consists of
the transversalis muscle and the roof is formed by the
external oblique muscle and laꢁssimus dorsi muscle.
The Peꢁt triangle is smaller, rare, and bordered
in the right lumbar region that increased in size during
the Valsalva maneuver and decreased in the leꢃ lateral
decubitus posiꢁon. She had no history of trauma or
surgical intervenꢁons. A diagnosis of hernia was made,
and an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan
was requested. The scan revealed a superior LH with
retroperitoneal fat content and a hernia ring measuring
by the iliac crest at the base. The anterior border is the
external oblique muscle, and the posterior limit is the
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laꢁssimus dorsi muscle .
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× 3 cm. Addiꢁonally, the right kidney seemed to be
Lumbar hernias can be congenital (20%)
or acquired (80%). Congenital hernias appear in
infancy due to regional defects in the musculoskeletal
system of the lumbar region associated with other
situated within the hernia defect. (Fig. 1).
Surgery was indicated. Aꢃer marking
the anatomical landmarks, cephalothin 1 g was
administered intravenously for anꢁbioꢁc prophylaxis.
Under spinal anesthesia, the paꢁent was posiꢁoned
in the leꢃ lateral decubitus posiꢁon, and an oblique
incision was made in the right lumbar region. Following
the secꢁoning of the laꢁssimus dorsi muscle fibers, the
protrusion of the retroperitoneal fat without hernia sac
was observed. The retroperitoneal fat was reduced, the
ring was idenꢁfied, and the retroperitoneal space was
dissected. A polypropylene mesh was placed, extending
well beyond the defect, and fixed with transparietal
sꢁtches of absorbable suture. Aꢃer hemostasis control
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malformaꢁons .
Pul et al. reported cases of congenital
LHs associated with facial paralysis, spinal fusions,
scoliosis, dislocaꢁon of the radius, myelomeningocele,
paraplegia, intesꢁnal nonrotaꢁon and even Arnold-
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Chiari malformaꢁon .
Acquired LHs can be primary or secondary.
Secondary LHs are associated with renal surgery,
surgery involving the iliac crest or lumbar region, or
direct or abdominal trauma.