Rapp SI y col. Schwannoma del neumogástrico cervical: uso de neuromonitorización intraoperatoria . Rev Argent Cir. 2024;116(3):225-228 227
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ENGLISH VERSION
Schwannomas are benign tumors that arise mobility of the right vocal cord with good closure at
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from the peripheral nerve sheaths . Between 25 and the expense of the leꢅ vocal cord. Speech therapy was
0% of schwannomas are extracranial and occur in the indicated. She had an adequate response to treatment
neck. Schwannomas account for 0.1% of head and neck and her dysphonia improved two months later.
tumors. They are usually found in the spinal nerves, Schwannomas are diꢃcult to diagnose
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pneumogastric nerve, sympatheꢀc cervical plexus and preoperaꢀvely because they tend to present as a
superficial cervical plexus. Imaging tests are essenꢀal lateral cervical mass without neurologic symptoms. The
for evaluaꢀng surgical access and tumor relaꢀonship differenꢀal diagnoses include neck masses as branchial
with vascular structures, as well as for prevenꢀng cleꢅ cysts, lymphadenopathies or lymphomas
intraoperaꢀve and postoperaꢀve complicaꢀons. The preoperaꢀve diagnosꢀc workup of
Nowadays, these tests include computed tomography neck schwannomas is essenꢀal. Imaging tests are
(
CT) scan with contrast agent and magneꢀc resonance fundamental to evaluate the surgical access and prevent
imaging (MRI) of the neck. Surgery is the treatment intraoperaꢀve and postoperaꢀve complicaꢀons. Some
of choice, but it is someꢀmes diꢃcult to preserve the authors recommend fine needle aspiraꢀon biopsy
nerve funcꢀoning .
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despite the low diagnosꢀc specificity of the procedure.
We report the case of a 27-year-old otherwise Computed tomography scan and MRI of the neck are
healthy female paꢀent who was referred by the the imaging methods of choice.
hematologist due to the presence of a tumor in the right
lateral region of the neck. On physical examinaꢀon, a 30 visualized between the IJV and the CCA. They appear as
15 mm mobile mass, hard-elasꢀc in consistency, was high contrast uptake images on CT scan. On MRI, lesions
observed in the right low jugulocaroꢀd chain. There are characterized by intermediate signal intensity on T1
Pneumogastric schwannomas are usually
×
were no lymph nodes on palpaꢀon.
images and hyperintensity on T2 images. These images
A neck ultrasound revealed a 25 × 16 mm provide informaꢀon on tumor locaꢀon, invasion and
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lymph node between the internal jugular vein (IJV) and vascularizaꢀon .
the right common caroꢀd artery (CCA). The diagnosꢀc
Surgical resecꢀon is the recommended
imaging procedures included a CT scan of the neck with treatment opꢀon, although it can present challenges
intravenous contrast agent, which showed a mass in due to the proximity of the lesion to blood vessels
the right low jugulocaroꢀd chain measuring 20 × 18 and nerves. In cases of pneumogastric schwannomas,
mm and a mass in the right high jugulocaroꢀd chain the lesion originates from the nerve fibers, which
measuring 13 × 12 mm. A MRI of the neck showed an makes resecꢀon more complex because it is essenꢀal
expansive focal image with an oval shape in the right to preserve nerve funcꢀoning to the greatest
infrahyoid caroꢀd space measuring 29 × 22 × 19 mm, extent possible. Intraoperaꢀve neuromonitoring
suggesꢀve of schwannoma (Fig. 1). Finally, a nasal is recommended to obtain an electrophysiological
endoscopy was performed to complete the diagnosꢀc assessment of the nerve before and aꢅer resecꢀon.
workup and did not reveal any airway involvement.
The surgical techniques recommended include
Surgery was performed with a suspected lesion excision or enucleaꢀon. Several techniques
diagnosis of pneumogastric schwannoma in the right have been described for nerve preservaꢀon: primary
infrahyoid space. The schwannoma was enucleated anastomosis, tumor removal with nerve preservaꢀon,
using neuromonitoring. This was done in collaboraꢀon or enucleaꢀon from the adjacent normal nerve fibers.
with a neurosurgeon specializing in peripheral nerves.
Themostcommonpostoperaꢀvecomplicaꢀons
The mass was dissected with careful idenꢀficaꢀon of arevocalcordparalysisanddysphagia, withanincidence
the viable fascicles of the right pneumogastric nerve. of 10-15%. Transient postoperaꢀve dysphonia has an
The tumor was located at the right cervical level IV, incidence > 80%. Therefore, speech therapy is essenꢀal
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below the emergence of the superior laryngeal nerve. for rehabilitaꢀon and compensaꢀon .
During neuromonitoring before and aꢅer tumor
The pathological anatomy demonstrates the
resecꢀon, the response was posiꢀve with normal presence of spindle-shaped cells with elongated nuclei
sꢀmulaꢀon thresholds. The pathology report confirmed arranged in high cellularity areas (Antoni A) or low
the diagnosis of schwannoma. In the immediate cellularity areas (Antoni B). On immunohistochemical
postoperaꢀve period the paꢀent developed transient tests schwannomas present intense posiꢀve staining
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dysphonia. The laryngeal endoscopy showed decreased for S-100 protein .