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S Quildrian y col. Recomendaciones: pacientes oncológicos en contexto de pandemia. Rev Argent Cirug 2020; 112(2):95-104
survivorship compromised if surgery is not performed
within the next few hours.
surgery but should be considered on an individual
basis in multidisciplinary decision.
Furthermore, it should be considered that all
paꢀents with indicaꢀon for major elecꢀve surgery due
to cancer should be tested for COVID-19, since there
is currently a signiꢂcant number of asymptomaꢀc
carriers in Argenꢀna. Preliminary publicaꢀons from
China reported that paꢀents who underwent surgical
procedures and were carriers of COVID-19 had higher
morbidity and mortality compared to healthy paꢀents.
Surgery for gastric and esophageal cancer
•For those patients with cT1a tumors, endoscopic
resection will be proposed if these resources are
available at the treating center, depending on
whether the center is in phase I; otherwise, weekly
controls should be made to re-categorize and find the
best window. The recommendation is to delay surgery
in phase II and phase III of the pandemic.
Surgery for hepato-pancreato-biliary cancer
•
Although resection is suggested in cT1b and cT2 N0
lesions, the recommendation is to delay definitive
treatment for 4-6 weeks, if feasible.
Operate on all paꢀents with aggressive hepato-
pancreato-biliary (HPB) malignancies as indicated,
considering the pandemic phase menꢀoned above and
analyzing each paꢀent with mulꢀdisciplinary discussion
on a case-by-case basis.
•cT3 or higher tumors and node-positive tumors should
be treated with neoadjuvant therapy.
•In those patients entering a neoadjuvant protocol,
the risks and benefits of staging laparoscopy, an
aerosolizing procedure, should be considered.
•Patients finishing neoadjuvant chemotherapy can
stay on chemotherapy if responding to and tolerating
treatment. Otherwise, resection should be considered
as a therapeutic option.
•In those patients with symptoms of obstruction or
bleeding due to gastric tumors, non-invasive therapies
as chemotherapy or radio-chemotherapy should be
evaluated initially. Surgery should be prioritized in
case of complete obstruction or intractable bleeding.
•In cases of tumor bleeding, a non-surgical approach
should be considered initially if the patient's
conditions are appropriate (interventional radiology
or endoscopy procedures). Otherwise, surgery should
be performed.
•
Surgical resection is suggested in patients with
pancreas adenocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma,
duodenal cancer, ampullary cancer, metastatic
colorectal cancer to the liver.
Prioritiesinpatientswithpancreaticcancer:resectable
tumors without or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy,
suspected cystic lesions, borderline tumors not
eligible for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, endoscopic
stent placement in patients with elevated bilirubin
levels who must undergo surgery or neoadjuvant
treatment.
•
•
•
In cases of patients undergoing neoadjuvant
chemotherapy who are responding to and tolerating
neoadjuvant chemotherapy, then continue and delay
surgery.
If available, consider radiofrequency or microwave
ablation instead of resection for liver metastases
when possible, to avoid prolonged hospital length of
stay and the use of supplies.
•Defer surgery for less biologically aggressive cancers,
such as GISTs.
•
•
Consider ablation or embolization instead of resection
for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Defer surgery for asymptomatic PNETs, duodenal and
ampullary adenomas, GISTs, and high-risk IPMNs,
unless delay will affect resectability.
Surgery for colorectal cancer
•Defer surgery for colorectal polyps.
•In patients with non-metastatic colon cancer, for
which initial surgery is the standard treatment,
perform multidisciplinary evaluation of the possibility
of induction chemotherapy.
Surgery for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs)
•For patients with metastatic colorectal cancer without
complications from the primary tumor, evaluate an
initial systemic treatment (systemic chemotherapy as
initial treatment is the best option for most patients).
•In patients with rectal cancer requiring neoadjuvant
therapy, evaluate short-course radiation therapy (not
requiring concurrent chemotherapy), which allows
the delivery of an equivalent dose of radiation therapy
within 5 days, with a similar response rate if there is
a sufficient interval between completion and surgery.
•In patients with rectal cancer who have completed
neoadjuvant therapy and have indication for surgery,
Surgery is recommended only for:
•
•
•
•
Symptomatic small bowel NETs (e.g. obstruction,
bleeding, significant pain, ischemia).
Symptomatic and/or functional pancreatic NETs that
cannot be controlled medically.
Lesions with significant growth or short doubling
times.
Cytoreductive operations and metastasectomy should
generally be delayed as they do not usually require