5
4
Acosta AA y col. Tratamiento conservador no invasivo del traumaꢁsmo esplénico. Rev Argent Cir. 2024;116(1):50-55
and severe associated injuries were considered iniꢀal
indicaꢀons for surgery. Any hollow viscus injury or
vascular injury with indicaꢀon for iniꢀal surgery was
considered a severe associated injury, except for severe
traumaꢀc brain injury (TBI). Minor associated injuries
were those less severe injuries associated with splenic
trauma that did not require major surgical treatment
and/or did not interfere with monitoring of NOM,
except for severe TBI, which was also excluded from
this category and was considered as a single category.
Hemoperitoneumwasclassifiedaccordingtothenumber
of abdominal spaces with free fluid as mild (1-2 spaces),
moderate (3-4 spaces) and large (more than 4 spaces).
The severity of splenic injury was categorized
■
TABLE 1
Frequency distribuꢀon of kinemaꢀcs of trauma
Frequency
%
47.1
11.8
11.8
11.8
5.9
Motorcycle-to-car collision
Car-to-car collision
Motorcycle skid
48
12
12
12
6
Third party assaults
Car and wall collision
Fall from heights
Ground level fall
Total
6
5.9
6
5.9
102
100.0
with the grading system based on CT scan images
developed by the American Associaꢀon for the Surgery
iniꢀal indicaꢀon for surgery. These paꢀents were not
candidates for NOM and underwent surgery. Of the 72
paꢀents who were managed with NICT, treatment was
successful in 66.6% (48), while 33.3% required surgery
due to treatment failure. The reasons for treatment
failure were peritoneal signs in 18 cases, and peritoneal
signs with hemodynamic instability in 6 cases. All these
paꢀents underwent splenectomy between 24 and 48
hours aꢃer admission. Of the paꢀents managed with
NICT, 5.9% (6) required blood transfusion.
5
of Trauma (AAST) .
Paꢀents admiꢁed to the general ward were
monitored for 24 hours by postgraduate year 1 and
2
residents in general surgery, and by the chief of
the general surgery ward from 8:00 am to 2:00 pm.
Thereaꢃer, monitoring was taken over by postgraduate
year 1 to 4 residents in general surgery on duty and the
surgeon on duty. In the intensive care unit, monitoring
was carried out by the intensivist, postgraduate year 2
resident in general surgery and the chief of the general
surgery ward.
On admission, all the paꢀents underwent
eFAST. Computed tomography scan was not performed
in 12 (11.8%) of these paꢀents due to the presence of
contraindicaꢀons or indicaꢀons for emergency surgery.
The remaining 90 (88.2%) paꢀents underwent CT
scan with intravenous contrast agent to diagnose and
categorize the severity of the injury.
Data was collected from the staꢀsꢀcal
database of the Department of General Surgery (Access
Office®) and the hospital staꢀsꢀcal database SISC®
(
Sistema Integrado de Supervisión de Centrales). All the
staꢀsꢀcal calculaꢀons were performed using IBM SPSS
Staꢀsꢀcs® soꢃware package (Internaꢀonal Business
Machines - Staꢀsꢀcal Package for the Social Sciences).
The associaꢀon of the severity of splenic injury,
associated lesions, amount of hemoperitoneum, severe
BTI, and type of unit of hospitalizaꢀon with successful
NOM was analyzed with the Pearson’s chi-square test,
and when the expected result was higher than 20%, the
Cramer’s V test was used to analyze the associaꢀon of
polytomous variables.
Of these paꢀents, 24 (23.5%) had grade I
lesions, 42 (41.2%) grade II, 18 (17.6%) grade III and
6
(5.9%) grade IV. The imaging tests showed that 30
(
29.4%) paꢀents had no associated hemoperitoneum,
while 30 (29.4%) had mild hemoperitoneum, 24
(
23.5%) paꢀents had moderate hemoperitoneum and
1
8 (17.6%) had large hemoperitoneum.
In54cases(52.9%)splenicinjurywasassociated
with other minor injuries resulꢀng from the trauma,
while in 48 cases (47.1%) the spleen was the only organ
injured. Of the cases involving minor injuries, 29.4%
A p value < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval
was considered staꢀsꢀcally significant.
(30 cases) were associated with one injury, 11.8% (12
cases) with two injuries, and 11.8% (12 cases) with
three injuries. Only 4.9% (5 cases) were associated
with severe TBI. Minor injuries included single rib
fracture, mulꢀple rib fractures, simple pneumothorax,
single limb fracture, open ꢀbial fracture, unilateral
hemothorax, soꢃ ꢀssue wounds, facial fractures, and
eye trauma.
Mean length of hospital stay in paꢀents with
successful NICT was 5 days. Of the total number of
paꢀents admiꢁed, 96 (94.1%) were monitored in a
general ward, and 6 (5.9%) required admission to the
intensive care unit.
Results
During the 10-year period, 102 paꢀents were
admiꢁed with a diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma
with splenic injury. Mean age was 31 years and 90 were
men (88.2%).
Time from injury to admission was < 48 hours in
4 paꢀents, between 48 hours and 7 days in 12, and > 7
8
days in 6 cases. The frequency of kinemaꢀcs of trauma
is described in Table 1. On admission, most paꢀents
(
94%) were hemodynamically stable and had no
peritoneal signs (76.5%). These paꢀents were managed
The associaꢀon between the different variables
and successful NICT are detailed in Table 2.
with NICT. There were 30 cases with at least one