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Huespe PE. La pregunta de invesꢁgación como la columna vertebral de un trabajo. Rev Argent Cir. 2024;116(1):5-7
pacientes frágiles y no frágiles‒ quede perdido en el ꢁnal pueden incluirse las limitaciones del estudio.
manuscrito. Todos los resultados directamente relacio-
Es muy común que las conclusiones no se des-
nados con los objeꢂvos, deben ser debidamente pre- prendan de los resultados del estudio. Nuevamente
sentados, resumiéndolos en el texto y en tablas, en las hay que responder a la pregunta de invesꢂgación. En
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que conste toda la información obtenida al respecto .
este caso podría ser: “La fragilidad se asoció a mayor
En la discusión hay que volver a la pregunta de morbilidad y estadía hospitalaria, principalmente por
invesꢂgación y desarrollar de qué manera los resulta- complicaciones médicas, aunque no debido a mayor
dos que obtuvimos responden a ella. Además, debemos índice de conversión y de reoperaciones”. Finalmente
especiꢁcar: ¿cómo se relacionan los resultados que ob- se puede agregar alguna línea de trabajo para el futuro:
tuvimos con el resto de la literatura?, ¿qué aspectos o “Evaluaremos en el futuro un programa para opꢂmizar
nuevaspreguntasquedaronsinresponder?Enelpárrafo el cuidado perioperatorio de los pacientes frágiles”.
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ENGLISH VERSION
When reading a scienꢂꢁc manuscript, it is be exisꢂng studies on our topic, but we can go further
common to noꢂce a lack of a core idea throughout the based on the literature review. For instance, while there
work. This means that the manuscript is composed of are studies on the elderly populaꢂon, they may not
different parts that have liꢄle relaꢂonship with each have taken into account the concept of frailty, which
other, creaꢂng a true chimera (a mythological animal includes more than just age as a criterion. Finally, the
made up of parts of different animals).
quesꢂon could be: do frail paꢂents have worse surgical
A research work must have a core idea, a outcomes than non-frail paꢂents? What complicaꢂons
backbone that supports and develops the project. do they develop?
This backbone provides coherence and cohesion to
Once we have formulated our research
the enꢂre scienꢂꢁc work and should be based on quesꢂon, which requires some literature review, we
the research quesꢂon. The research quesꢂon is the need to develop our introducꢂon and objecꢂves. The
beginning and the most important aspect of the study, review will help us create an introducꢂon focused on
and all other components should be structured around our work. The objecꢂves should be more speciꢁc and
1
,2
it .
answer our quesꢂon, which in this case would be:
The ideal way to begin a research project is To compare the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic
by formulaꢂng a quesꢂon based on our professional appendectomy in terms of morbidity, conversion and
experience and literature review. One common mistake length of hospital stay between frail and non-frail
is to begin recording data as soon as a certain volume of paꢂents.
paꢂents with a parꢂcular disease is detected. In this case
Once we have outlined our research quesꢂon
there is no research quesꢂon, resulꢂng in lack of valid and objecꢂves, the next step is to work on material and
3
objecꢂves, for example: “To present our experience in methods . We must deꢁne the most appropriate design
the management of laparoscopic appendectomies”. to answer our quesꢂon. For the example of frailty and
Furthermore, the quesꢂon is imprecise and difficult to appendiciꢂs, a retrospecꢂve cohort design is adequate.
answer: What does “experience” refer to? Incidence, We must also specify how we will measure frailty,
prevalence, clinical presentaꢂon, or epidemiology? morbidity, and the diagnosꢂc and treatment algorithm
What does ‘management’ entail? Work-up, indicaꢂon used. We also need to think about confounders that
for surgery, technique used, complicaꢂons, or long- may be associated with frailty and postoperaꢂve
term outcomes? This type of objecꢂves has no scienꢂꢁc complicaꢂons, such as type of appendiciꢂs, ꢂme from
interest. A research project without a speciꢁc research symptom onset, etc., and what methods we can use to
quesꢂon will never materialize.
However, posing
quesꢂon is very difficult. Therefore, returning to the
deal with confounders, such as straꢂꢁcaꢂon or use of
completely original mulꢂple logisꢂc regression.
The results should be presented in an
a
previous example, if our center has a lot of experience appropriate and concise manner. In many cases, the
in laparoscopic appendectomy, we can start by authors may be too eager to present all their collected
considering what is already known, what quesꢂons data, which in this example are the surgical outcomes
remain unanswered, and what unique contribuꢂons between frail and non-frail paꢂents, causing the most
we can make. For example, if our center provides care important results to be buried within the manuscript.
to a signiꢁcant number of elderly paꢂents, one might All results directly related to the objecꢂves must be
ask: are surgical outcomes comparable among elderly duly presented, summarized in text and tables, and
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paꢂents? Are there any risk factors that can predict include all informaꢂon obtained .
morbidity in this subgroup? Once again, we must
In the discussion, we need to go back to the
review the exisꢂng literature on the subject. There may research quesꢂon and work out how the results that