3
24 G Kohan y col. Pancreaꢁꢁs aguda posduodenopancreatectomía cefálica con complicaciones. Rev Argent Cirug 2020;112(3):317-324
secondary to the secꢀon of the pancreas. The neck and the usual postoperaꢀve treatment aꢃer
of the pancreas is irrigated by the dorsal pancreaꢀc pancreaꢀcoduodenectomy is adequate. Pancreaꢀꢀs is
artery and its anastomoses with the branches of the associated with the development of pancreaꢀc ꢂstula
pancreaꢀcoduodenal arcade. When the neck of the and the management of the ꢂstula determines the
pancreas is secꢀoned, the irrigaꢀon of the dorsal paꢀent’s outcome.
pancreaꢀc artery and its anastomoses is interrupted,
Managing local complicaꢀons that
and ischemia of the enꢀre pancreaꢀc remnant may require treatment is more difficult as the associated
occur. Ischemia can also be due to secꢀon of the veins pancreaꢀc ꢂstula increases the complexity. The
drainingintheportalvein.Transientischemiaissufficient infected peripancreaꢀc collecꢀons can be drained
to induce the cascade of changes associated with acute percutaneously since reoperaꢀon will undoubtedly
pancreaꢀꢀs6. Changes in the microcirculaꢀon are the predispose to the leakage of any of the other
main problem. Vasoconstricꢀon reduces the proporꢀon anastomoses. In our experience, the three paꢀents
of capillaries that are perfused exacerbaꢀng ischemia, treated presented pancreaꢀc ꢂstula. One of the paꢀents
and the endothelial disrupꢀon that occurs increases presented a dehiscence of the hepaꢀcojejunostomy
capillary permeability causing fluid extravasaꢀon and and the other developed gastrointesꢀnal anastomosis
passage of acꢀvated proteases into the adjacent ꢀssue. leak. The biliary ꢂstula did not require surgery
This process produces ꢀssue damage with subsequent and resolved spontaneously. The paꢀent with the
7
mulꢀple organ failure .
gastrointesꢀnal anastomosis leak required surgery on
The administraꢀon of intravenous fluids postoperaꢀve day ꢂve and presented necrosis of the
during surgery prevents this impact on the remnant remnant pancreas and hemorrhage. In these cases
1
pancreas. Banone demonstrated that in paꢀents with with glandular necrosis, necrosectomy is a therapeuꢀc
a soꢃ pancreaꢀc remnant, a restricꢀve fluid balance opꢀon; the other opꢀon is to complete the leꢃ
was associated with a signiꢂcantly increased risk pancreatectomy, to be determined according to the
of postoperaꢀve acute pancreaꢀꢀs. Therefore, the amount of necrosis. The need for reoperaꢀon aꢃer
intensive intraoperaꢀve hydraꢀon avoids the reducꢀon acute postoperaꢀve pancreaꢀꢀs is probably due to the
in blood flow to the pancreas and thus prevents complicaꢀons of ꢂstulas caused by pancreaꢀꢀs. The
pancreaꢀꢀs.
Themomentwhenacutepancreaꢀꢀsdevelops
is variable. In our experience, two paꢀents presented
adequate management should be individualized.
pancreaꢀꢀs on the second and third postoperaꢀve Conclusion
day, without systemic involvement. The third paꢀent
presented acute pain in the immediate postoperaꢀve
Postoperaꢀve acute pancreaꢀꢀs is probable
period, with signiꢂcant systemic involvement and more common than expected. The analysis of the
pancreaꢀc necrosis. If the pathophysiology described published literature suggests that most episodes
above is analyzed, probably pancreaꢀꢀs in the third are mild and resolve spontaneously; only a small
paꢀent is more directly related to an intraoperaꢀve percentage of paꢀents will present local complicaꢀons
event, while in the other two paꢀents (with pancreaꢀꢀs that may require percutaneous or surgical treatment,
onthesecondandthirdpostoperaꢀveday, respecꢀvely), which may predispose to the development of ꢂstulas
the pathophysiology may respond to some other that are someꢀmes difficult to manage.
mechanism not yet described.
Once pancreaꢀꢀs has developed, there is no
Treatment of mild acute pancreaꢀꢀs include way to prevent pancreaꢀc ꢂstulas. Local complicaꢀons
intravenous hydraꢀon, appropriate nutriꢀon and willbetreatedaccordingtotheiroccurrenceandimpact,
pain management. In fact, as previously menꢀoned, and may require a variety of procedures, ranging from
many episodes of pancreaꢀꢀs are not diagnosed, percutaneous drainage to total pancreatectomy.
Referencias bibliográficas /References
1
.
Bannone E, Andrianello S, Marchegiani G, et al. Postoperaꢀve
acute pancreaꢀꢀs following pancreaꢀcoduodenectomy a deter-
minant of ꢂstula potenꢀally driven by the intraoperaꢀve fluid ma-
nagement. Ann Surg. 2018;268(5):815-22.
ted therapy as an adjunct to Enhanced Recovery Aꢃer Surgery
(ERAS). Can J Anaesth. 2015;62:158-68.
5. Winter JM, Cameron JL, Yeo CJ, et al. Biochemical markers predict
morbidity and mortality aꢃerpancreaꢀcoduodenectomy. J Am
Coll Surg. 2007;204:1029-36.
2
3
4
.
.
.
Bassi C, Dervenis C, Buꢅurini G, et al. Postoperaꢀve pancreaꢀc
ꢂstula: An internaꢀonal study group (ISGPF) deꢂniꢀon. Surgery
6. Connor S. Deꢂning post-operaꢀve pancreaꢀꢀs as a new pancrea-
ꢀc speciꢂc complicaꢀon following pancreaꢀc resecꢀon. HPB
2016;18:642-51.
7. Cuthbertson CM, Christophi C. Disturbances of the microcircula-
ꢀonin acute pancreaꢀꢀs. Br J Surg. 2006;93:518-30.
2
005;138:8-13.
Working group IAP/APA acute pancreaꢀꢀs guidelines. IAP/APA
evidence based guidelines for management of acute pancreaꢀꢀs.
Pancreatology. 2013;13(4 Suppl 2):e1-e15.
Miller T, Roche A, Mythen M. Fluid management and goal-direc-