Pierini A y cols. Schwannoma retrorrectal. Rev Argent Cir 2021;113(4):492-496
495
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Wereportthecaseofaretrorectalschwannoma associated with Von Recklinghausen’s disease . They are
in a 62-year-old female paꢀent, without comorbidiꢀes solitary, slow-growing, non-invasive and encapsulated
and a history of hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo- tumors, usually asymptomaꢀc. The most common
oophorectomy. The paꢀent complaint of progressive sites are the head, neck, and flexor surfaces of the
symptoms over the past 2 years, consisꢀng of urinary extremiꢀes and have rarely been found in the pelvis and
inconꢀnence, weakness and exquisite pain in the leꢃ retroperitoneal space. Pelvic schwannomas, originaꢀng
lumbar area that extended down to the lateral aspect from sacral nerve and hypogastric plexus are rare and
of the ipsilateral thigh and leg and relieved in an upright comprise approximately 1-3% of all schwannomas
posiꢀon and with the leꢃ leg bent. The paꢀent was and 5% of retrorectal tumors. The diagnosis is usually
treated for chronic back pain unꢀl symptoms rapidly difficult, because they are clinically “silent” and produce
increased aꢃer a trauma in that area. A computed vague and unspecific symptoms when they grow and
tomography (CT) scan was performed, which reported a compress the adjacent organs (mass effect). Urinary
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2-mm nodular lesion at the level of the leꢃ hemipelvis and fecal inconꢀnence and neurologic deficit in the
slightly connected to the presacral area, with mild lower extremiꢀes are rare. Thus, the diagnosis should
enhancement aꢃer injecꢀon of intravenous (IV) contrast be suspected in paꢀents with chronic back pain or pain
material. The magneꢀc resonance imaging (MRI) of the in lateral abdominal region radiaꢀng to the thigh, not
pelvis showed a leꢃ paramedian hyperintense focal associated with physical acꢀvity and that does not
image on T2 sequences in the projecꢀon of precoccygeal respond to medical treatment and/or physiotherapy.
faꢄy ꢀssue, in close contact with S1 nerve root arising The differenꢀal diagnoses include more common
from the dural sheath, with heterogeneous signals and diseases as fistulas, perianal abscesses, pilonidal cyst
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T1-hyperintense focal areas. The anteroposterior (AP) and other retrorectal tumors .
diameter was 35 mm, the longitudinal diameter was 28
mm and the transverse diameter was 30 mm (Fig. 1).
Nowadays, MRI of the pelvis should always be
performed, as it is the imaging test with the highest
The paꢀent underwent surgery through specificity, provides informaꢀon about the relaꢀon of
laparotomy and the tumor was completely excised (Fig. the tumor with the sacrum and adjacent structures and
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). She evolved with favorable hospital outcome and differenꢀates between solid and cysꢀc masses; in this
way, we may infer if the lesion is benign or malignant.
was discharged on postoperaꢀve day two.
The pathology examinaꢀon reported the The presence of irregular borders, heterogeneity, size >
presence of a nodule with proliferaꢀon of spindle- 5 cm, peripheral enhancement, areas with degeneraꢀve
shaped cells with elongated nuclei and poorly lesions, intratumoral lobulaꢀon, peritumoral edema,
defined cytoplasm, consistent with schwannoma and invasion of adjacent structures can be potenꢀal
(
neurilemmoma).
signs of malignancy, especially in paꢀents with Von
Immunohistochemical tests showed intense Recklinghausen’s disease.
posiꢀve staining for S-100 protein, confirming the
diagnosis of schwannoma.
Preoperaꢀve biopsy is contraindicated due to
risk of tumor seeding and infecꢀon.
Schwannomas, also known as neurilemmomas,
In most cases, surgical resecꢀon has both
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are soꢃ ꢀssue tumors that arise from the Schwann cells diagnosꢀc and therapeuꢀc goals ; thus, the definiꢀve
of peripheral nerve sheaths in any part of the body. diagnosis and the nature of the schwannoma are based
They are more common in women between the 2nd on the postoperaꢀve histologic examinaꢀon and by
and 6th decade of life. Schwannomas are considered immunohistochemical tests with posiꢀve staining for
benign tumors with low risk of malignancy and may be S-100 protein and negaꢀve for CD-34.
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FIGURE 1
A
B
C
A: Magneꢀc resonance (MRI) saggital secꢀon, showing retrorectal tumor at S2 level (arrow). B: MRI, saggital secꢀon (retrorectal tumor). C: MRI,
coronal view (retrorectal tumor)