Norese M y cols. Pseudoaneurisma humeral secundario a punción arterial inadverꢁda. Rev Argent Cir 2021;113(4):487-491
491
access for diagnosꢀc or therapeuꢀc procedures and pseudoaneurysms of the upper extremity, including
rarely due to inadvertent arterial puncture during those of the brachial artery. However, the anatomy
1
,2
venipuncture . Risk factors for the development of should be evaluated before indicaꢀng this treatment
iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms are use of anꢀcoagulant because of the risk of thrombosis or distal embolizaꢀon
or anꢀplatelet agents before arterial catheterizaꢀon, as most brachial artery pseudoaneurysms have a
age > 60 years, female sex, larger (≥7F) catheter shorter neck and a superficial locaꢀon compared to
diameter, obesity and inadequate compression of the femoral artery pseudoaneurysms. Percutaneous coil
4
site of arterial puncture .
embolizaꢀon has been described in paꢀents with high
The diagnosis of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm is surgical risk, but is mainly indicated when the pedicle
simple aꢁer reviewing the paꢀent’s medical history, since of the sac is small or in peseudoaneurysms arising from
thereisusuallyahistoryofbluntorpenetraꢀngtrauma,or small brachial artery branches. Endoluminal treatment
an invasive procedure during a previous hospitalizaꢀon. with stent placement has been described in the
Yet, delays in consultaꢀons or diagnosis may occur. Yetkin literature, but there is limited informaꢀon on long-term
5
et al. reported a mean duraꢀon from injury to hospital outcomes; moreover, the technique is quesꢀonable in
admission of 26.7 months (range, 17 months–7 years). paꢀents with compressive symptoms and in lesions
Paꢀents with brachial artery pseudoaneurysm usually in the crease of the elbow with involvement of the
present with a pulsaꢀng mass, someꢀmes associated brachial artery bifurcaꢀon or in infected lesions. In
3
with pain or edema of the upper limb. Large aneurysms a small series, Kloraris et al. reported the results of
can cause paresthesia due to compression of the median hybrid approach for brachial artery pseudoaneurysms
Doppler ultrasonography and computed consisꢀng of primary endovascular stent graꢁing and
tomography angiography are the imaging tests most used subsequent surgical opening and evacuaꢀon of the sac
2,3,5
nerve
.
to make the diagnosis and guide therapy, as they help to with good short- and mid-term results.
determine the anatomic characterizaꢀon, locaꢀon and
Surgical repair is the treatment most oꢁen
extension of the lesion and the distal vascular territory. used and with the best long-term results, and consists
Complicaꢀons include rupture, hemorrhage, infecꢀon, of resecꢀon of the pseudoaneurysm and reconstrucꢀon
local cutaneous necrosis, and acute ischemia of the upper of the brachial artery with primary suture, end-to-end
extremity which may result from brachial artery collapse anastomosis, patch or saphenous vein interposiꢀon,
2
,3
5
due to compression, thrombosis or distal embolism . depending on the extent of the artery lesion . Syntheꢀc
Sepsis and purulent discharge may occur in paꢀents with graꢁsshouldbeavoided,parꢀcularlyincaseofinfecꢀons.
a history of chronic intravenous drug abuse.
Surgery is indicated when the pseudoaneurysm is in the
Management opꢀons of brachial artery trunk of the brachial artery or in the elbow crease, or
pseudoaneurysms include ultrasound-guided when involves its bifurcaꢀon into the radial and ulnar
compression, thrombin injecꢀon, endovascular arteries requiring vascular reconstrucꢀon with vein
embolizaꢀon or stenꢀng, surgical excision with graꢁ interposiꢀon to ensure the viability of the upper
revascularizaꢀon and hybrid treatment. Selecꢀon of limb. Another indicaꢀons include cases complicated
the opꢀmal treatment should be based on the vascular by infecꢀon and sepsis, rupture with bleeding, acute
distal ischemia of the extremity, pseudoaneurysms
anatomy (neck, size, locaꢀon) and symptoms2
,3,5,6
.
Ultrasound-guided compression as a conservaꢀve with extensive involvement of the artery wall and
treatment did not show good results in brachial artery absence of a defined anatomical neck, and is especially
pseudoaneurysms, probably because the trajectory useful for large or rapidly growing brachial artery
2
,5
of the brachial artery is more mobile than the pseudoaneurysms to relieve compressive symptoms .
femoral artery and because of the lack of underlying
In summary, brachial artery pseudoaneurysms
bone to adequately compress against as in femoral are rare and are usually due to iatrogenic causes.
6
pseudoaneurysms. Gravin et al. demonstrated that Although mulꢀple treatments are available, surgical
ultrasound-guided percutaneous thrombin injecꢀon resecꢀon with vascular reconstrucꢀon is sꢀll the most
was safe and effecꢀve for the treatment of arterial used treatment in complex cases.
Referencias bibliográꢂcas /References
1
2
3
.
.
.
Armstrong PJ, Han DC, Baxter JA, Elmore JR, Franklin DP.
Complicaꢀon rates of percutaneous brachial artery access in
peripheral vascular angiography. Ann Vasc Surg. 2003;17(1):107-
4. Ates M, Sahin S, Konuralp C, Gullu U, Cimen S, Kizilay M,
et al. Evaluaꢀon of risk factors associated with femoral
pseudoaneurysms aꢁer cardiac catheterizaꢀon. J Vasc Surg.
2006;43: 520-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2005.11.009.
1
0. doi:10.1007/s10016-001-0339-6.
Lee AHH, Qi SD, Chiang N. Acute Upper Limb Ischemia Due
to Delayed Presentaꢀon of Brachial Artery Pseudoaneurysm
Post-Venipuncture. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2020;54(1):80-4.
doi:10.1177/1538574419877620.
Klonaris C, Patelis N, Doulaptsis M, Katsargyris A. Hybrid
Treatment of Large Brachial Artery Pseudoaneurysms. Ann Vasc
Surg. 2016;32:20-4. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2015.10.023.
5. Yetkin U, Gurbuz A. Post-traumaꢀc pseudoaneurysm of the
brachial artery and its surgical treatment. Tex Heart Inst J. 2003;
30:293-7.
6. Garvin RP, Ryer EJ, Yoon HR, Kendrick JB, Neidrick TJ, Elmore JR,
Franklin DP. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous thrombin injecꢀon