Tafernaberry S y cols. Vólvulo gástrico agudo. Rev Argent Cir 2021;113(4):477-481
479
En el paciente estable, sin evidencia de com- laparoscópico, incluso mediante incisión única o doble,
promiso isquémico gástrico, se pueden intentar estra- con buenos resultados³ˉ⁵.
tegias conservadoras.
Takahashi y col.⁶ introduce en los úlꢀmos años
La endoscopia ꢀene su indicación en el pacien- el concepto de cirugía de control de daño realizando
te estable, tanto desde el punto de vista diagnósꢀco resección limitada gástrica frente a gangrena o perfora-
como terapéuꢀco, siendo posible la devolvulación así ción, y “second look” para manejo definiꢀvo mejoradas
como la inmovilización gástrica mediante gastrostomía. las condiciones generales del paciente.
Resuelta la complicación aguda, se recomienda la gas-
tropexia para disminuir el riesgo de recurrencia.
En nuestro caso, por inestabilidad hemodiná-
mica del paciente, realizamos abordaje laparotómico y
La indicación formal de cirugía corresponde devolvulación gástrica. Dada la viabilidad del órgano y
al caso del paciente inestable y frente a la isquemia sin elementos de peritoniꢀs, se decide cierre primario
severa, realizando la devolvulación y valoración de la sin gastropexia.
viabilidad gástrica.
El VGA es una rara emergencia quirúrgica, con
En el paciente estable se debe realizar la gas- alta mortalidad derivada de la isquemia y perforación.
tropexia mediante fijación de la cara anterior de la cur- Su diagnósꢀco se basa en un alto índice de sospecha
vatura mayor a la pared abdominal.
clínica, pudiendo exisꢀr casos de presentación aꢃpica o
En cuanto al abordaje, las indicaciones para inespecífica, como el que presentamos. A pesar de que
laparotomía son perforación gástrica confirmada, hipo- el manejo puede ser conservador, en el paciente ines-
tensión-shock y sepsis severa.
table el abordaje quirúrgico temprano es fundamental
Recientemente se ha introducido el abordaje para obtener mejores resultados.
1
. Jabbour G, Afifi I, Ellabib M, El-Menyar A, Al-Thani H. Spontaneous
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ENGLISH VERSION
Gastric volvulus is an abnormal rotaꢀon of the medical advice due to complete arrest of the passage
stomach of more than 180°. The most frequently used of contents and gas through the intesꢀne, absence of
classificaꢀon system of gastric volvulus relates to the vomiꢀng, and abdominal bloaꢀng that started 24 hours
axis around which the stomach rotates. Organoaxial before.
volvulus is the most common type (59%) and occurs
On physical examinaꢀon he was hemodynamically
when the stomach rotates around the longitudinal axis unstable; the abdomen was distended, parꢀcularly in
that connects the esophagogastric juncꢀon (EGJ) and the central region, tender on compression and without
thepylorus. Theantrumrotatesintheoppositedirecꢀon signs of acute peritoniꢀs. On rectal examinaꢀon the
to the fundus of the stomach. In the mesenteroaxial rectal ampoule was empty. It was impossible to insert a
type (29%), the stomach rotates around the short axis; nasogastric tube.
the antrum rotates anteriorly and superiorly so that the
The abdominal X-ray taken in the standing
posterior surface of the stomach lies anteriorly. Finally, posiꢀon showed a large, distended stomach (Fig. 1).
in the combined type, rotaꢀon occurs around both axis
The paꢀent was transported to the operaꢀng
room and a laparotomy was performed. The stomach
1
12%) .
Gastric volvulus may present as a chronic, was hugely distended and volvulized, and presented
(
subacute or acute condiꢀon with formaꢀon of a closed areas of ischemia mainly in the anterior wall of the
loop obstrucꢀon which can progress to gastric ischemia greater curvature, and firm gastrocolic adhesions
and perforaꢀon, consꢀtuꢀng a rare surgical emergency probably linked to the base of the organoaxial volvulus
with high mortality (30-50%).
(Fig. 2). The procedure included volvulus reducꢀon,
The diagnosis is based on a high level of adhesiolysis and closure of the laparotomy. The paꢀent
suspicion and preoperaꢀve tests, among which was admiꢂed in the intensive care unit, where he died
computed tomography plays a fundamental role.
Although conservaꢀve management can
4 hours later due to sustained hemodynamic instability.
The first case of gastric volvulus was reported
be achieved endoscopically, surgery is mandatory in 1866 by Berꢀ and the first operated case was
1
if conservaꢀve treatment fails or if the paꢀent is performed by Berg in 1897 .
2
unstable .
Gastric volvulus can be classified according
We report the case of a paꢀent with acute to the type of presentaꢀon, eꢀology and mechanism.
gastricvolvulus(AGV)whichwasresolvedbylaparotomy There are three types of gastric volvulus according to
with reducꢀon of the volvulus and preservaꢀon of the the axis around which the stomach rotates: organoaxial,
stomach, but who died in the immediate postoperaꢀve mesenteroaxial, and combined, as we have already
period due to hemodynamic instability.
menꢀoned.
Primary gastric volvulus occurs in 30% of
A 44-year-old male paꢀent with a history of
delayed development and intellectual disability sought cases due to laxity of the ligaments which anchor the