4
74
CIma GR y cols. Traqueobroncoplasꢁa por malacia. Rev Argent Cir 2021;113(4):471-476
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ENGLISH VERSION
Tracheobroncomalacia
is
a
disease bronchus and intermediate bronchus. The evaluaꢀon
characterized by weakness of the wall and of the was completed with a polysomnography study which
tracheal and bronchial walls with dynamic narrowing of confirmed the obstrucꢀve sleep apnea syndrome and
the lumen of the trachea and mainstem bronchi due the need for CPAP during sleep.
to hypotonia of myoelasꢀc elements of the posterior
The case was discussed in the mulꢀdisciplinary
wall (membranus malacia) or soꢁening of supporꢀng commiꢄee of thoracic diseases, and aꢁer considering
airway carꢀlage (carꢀlaginous malacia) that lead to the age of the paꢀent, the frequent hospitalizaꢀons for
diffuse or segmental tracheal and bronchial collapse, infecꢀons and the absence of important comorbidiꢀes,
1
,2
parꢀcularly during exhalaꢀon . Some authors describe the commiꢄee decided to perform
a surgical
excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) as weakness tracheobronchoplasty. The evaluaꢀon was completed
and invaginaꢀon of the posterior membrane while with preoperaꢀve risk assessment and laboratory tests.
tracheobronchomalacia refers specifically to the
The approach chosen was a right video-
3
weakness of the carꢀlaginous porꢀon of the airway . assisted thoracoscopy aꢁer selecꢀve intubaꢀon with
From a pracꢀcal point of view, weakness of the trachea bronchial blocker guided by flexible bronchoscopy.
and main stem bronchi produces a collapse of the The mediasꢀnal pleura was incised using a high-
airway resulꢀng in at least 50% narrowing of the lumen frequency energy instrument and electric scalpel. The
during exhalaꢀon, leading to dynamic obstrucꢀon, lung azygous vein was dissected and secꢀoned using one
hyperinflaꢀonandairtrapping.Difficultywithexhalaꢀon fire of mechanical vascular stapler. Once the carina was
and secreꢀon clearance is clinically evidenced by
rales, wheezing, stridor, exercise intolerance, cough,
recurrent infecꢀons of the lower respiratory tract and
air trapping. The degree of weakness determines the
severity of symptoms. The disease usually can mimic
■ FIGURE 1
4
other common condiꢀons, as COPD or asthma .
We report the case of a 70-year-old female
paꢀent with a history of rheumatoid arthriꢀs associated
with tracheobronchomalacia and recurrent respiratory
infecꢀons over the past 3 years. She was being treated
with conꢀnuous posiꢀve airway pressure (CPAP) during
sleep, with poor response. The paꢀent was referred by
the rheumatologists to the department of pulmonology
and then to the department of thoracic surgery of
Hospital Militar Central due to frequent hospitalizaꢀons
for pneumonia despite the treatment. The iniꢀal
evaluaꢀon included complete physical examinaꢀon and
history taking. The rheumatoid arthriꢀs was adequately
treated. Funcꢀonal and imaging tests were requested,
including spirometry, contrast-enhanced mulꢀslice
computed tomography scan and unsedated dynamic
flexible bronchoscopy to evaluate tracheal collapse. The
spirometry test reported an obstrucꢀve paꢄern with a
FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) of 53%
and a forced vital capacity to FEV1 raꢀo of 60%. The CT
scan confirmed tracheomalacia with an anteroposterior
tracheal diameter of 32 mm and a cross-secꢀonal
diameter of 42 mm. In addiꢀon, there were signs of
malacia in the right mainstem bronchus with extension
to the intermediate bronchus (Fig. 1). The scan also
provided informaꢀon about tracheal collapse > 90%,
guiding us towards which treatment the paꢀent would
probably need. The diagnosis was confirmed by flexible
bronchoscopy, which showed an ovoid trachea with
increased diameter, dynamic anteroposterior collapse,
and dynamic collapse of a dilated right mainstem
Coronal and axial secꢀon showing the marked tracheal and bronchial
malacia with predominance of the right bronchus.