CA Angeramo y cols. Abordaje del dolor inguinal crónico luego de hernioplasꢁa. Rev Argent Cirug 2020;112(4):526-534
531
Material and methods
Paꢀents with persistent pain despite medical
therapy and percutaneous treatment were selected for
We reviewed the medical records of all surgery. The intervenꢀon included the removal of the
paꢀents treated in the Department of Surgery of the prostheꢀc material and triple neurectomy. The route
Hospital Alemán, who had undergone inguinal hernia of approach depended on the approach previously
repair in the hospital or in other centers between followed, the anterior route for convenꢀonal inguinal
January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018, with at least hernia repair and the posterior route for laparoscopy.
1
2-month follow-up. Paꢀents with diagnosis of CPIP
Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), physical status
were included.
according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists
A high-weight polypropylene mesh and non- (ASA) classificaꢀon, route of approach, prostheꢀc
absorbable fixaꢀon materials (sutures or tacks) were material and type of fixaꢀon were analyzed. The
used in the iniꢀal surgery for all paꢀents.
affected nervous territory was also assessed by
CPIP was defined as the presence of inguinal dermatome mapping.6 Response to treatment and
pain due to nerve damage or involvement of the ꢀssular quality of life were assessed with the EuraHS Quality
somatosensory system persisꢀng more than 6 months of Life score pre- and post-mulꢀdisciplinary approach.12
aꢂer surgery.
The neuropathic origin of CPIP was determined
by dermatome mapping, described by Alvarez et al.6 Staꢀsꢀcal analysis
(
Fig. 1). Postoperaꢀve inguinal pain was assessed by the
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) numbered from 0 to 10, in
Data were stored using a Microsoꢂ Office
which 0 is absence of pain and 10 is maximum pain. Excel©spreadsheet(2019version).Descripꢀvestaꢀsꢀcs
Pain was defined as mild, moderate, and severe, with of demographic and surgical variables were carried
7
, 8, 9
0
-4, 5-6, > 7 scores, respecꢀvely. out. For the CPIP, the Student t test was performed for
The same therapeuꢀc algorithm based on a samples related to the R program (version 3.6.3, 2020-
mulꢀdisciplinary staged approach was adopted in all 02-29) to compare the results from the EuraHS Quality
paꢀents with CPIP, including pain management service, of Life score surveys, pre- and post-mulꢀdisciplinary
intervenꢀonal radiology service, and abdominal approach. A p value < 0.05 was considered staꢀsꢀcally
wall sector of the department of general surgery as significant.
1
0
the leader of the aꢄending team. The CPIP in the
first three months was treated with non-steroidal
anꢀ-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aꢂer clinical and Results
ultrasound evaluaꢀon to rule out recurrence. If the pain
persisted beyond 6 months, it was considered CPIP, and
Medical records of 1540 paꢀents were
thepaꢀentwasreferredtothepainmanagementservice, reviewed. A hundred and fiꢂy (15%) paꢀents consulted
where a new drug-therapy scheme (gabapenꢀnoids, for inguinal pain, which subsided in 135 (90%) paꢀents
tricyclic anꢀdepressants, selecꢀve serotonin reuptake within 6 months of the postoperaꢀve period. Mild and
inhibitors, NSAIDs, opioids) was administered. If pain moderate CPIP was diagnosed in 15 (1%) paꢀents, and
sꢀll conꢀnued despite medical therapy, paꢀents were severe CPIP was diagnosed in 8 (0.5%). Five of the 8
referred to the intervenꢀonal radiology service, where paꢀents were operated on in other medical centers.
ultrasound-guided blocks with triamcinolone and
lidocaine were performed. Blocks were carried out Table 1.
under ultrasound guidance with a 38 mm broadband
Demographic variables are summarized in
The iniꢀal procedure was laparoscopy
10-5 MHz) linear transducer for soꢂ ꢀssue imaging. (transabdominal preperitoneal [TAPP] inguinal hernia
(
The transducer is placed in the area delimited by the repair), performed in 4 (50%) paꢀents.
anterior superior iliac spine, the inguinal ligament and
The affected nerve territories idenꢀfied by
a line connecꢀng the anterior superior iliac spine to the dermatome mapping were: the territory of the lateral
umbilicus. The ilioinguinal nerve is located between the femoral cutaneous nerve in 1 paꢀent (operated with
internal oblique and the transverse or external oblique laparoscopy), the territory of the ilioinguinal nerve in
muscles, and within 1-3 cm of the anterior superior 3 paꢀents (2 paꢀents operated with laparoscopy, and
iliac spine. The iliohypogastric nerve lies immediately 1 with convenꢀonal technique), the territory of the
adjacent or medial to the ilioinguinal nerve. A needle iliohypogastric nerve in 3 paꢀents (2 paꢀents operated
is inserted laterally through the entry point of the with convenꢀonal technique and 1 with laparoscopy),
transducer, and 4 ml of 1% lidocaine and 80 mg of and pain in the pubic spine in 1 paꢀent (operated with
triamcinolone are injected. The correct locaꢀon of convenꢀonal technique).
the injected soluꢀon is then confirmed, observing the
All 8 paꢀents were assessed by the pain
nerve surrounded by a hypoechoic halo. Only paꢀents management service, and were treated with 3 or more
with posiꢀve response to the blockage were performed drugs.
1
1
ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency.
All of them required at least one selecꢀve or