Quildrian SD. Editorial sobre abordaje laparoscópico transperitoneal en tumores. Rev Argent Cir 2021;113(4):401-403
403
have menꢀoned, preoperaꢀve core-needle biopsy is adrenergic blockade and fluid management).
useful to characterize solid tumors with a minimal risk
Laparoscopy is scarcely useful in soꢃ-ꢀssue
sarcomas,whichaccountforonethirdofretroperitoneal
2
,3
of tumor seeding of the core needle biopsy tract .
Although there are many case reports in the tumors. In view of tumor size, the need for en bloc
literature on the use of the laparoscopic approach for visceral or soꢃ ꢀssue resecꢀons due to direct invasion
different types of retroperitoneal tumors, so far there or to obtain adequate surgical margins, and the high
are few publicaꢀons of paꢀents with retroperitoneal recurrence rate in paꢀents with posiꢀve margins,
tumors resected by a minimally invasive approach, laparoscopic resecꢀon is not considered a standard
4
-6
7
of care . Most reports correspond to isolated cases in
either roboꢀc, laparoscopic or retroperitoneoscopic .
Retroperitoneal tumors can be divided into which the diagnosis was confirmed with the pathology
cysꢀc, solid non-lipomatous and solid lipomatous examinaꢀon. Liposarcomas and leimyosarcomas are
tumors. It is important to define which retroperitoneal the most common subtypes. Liposarcomas may be
cysꢀc lesions should be resected and which can be wrongly diagnosed as lipomas or non-sarcomatous
managed with watchful waiꢀng. The most common lipomatous lesions (angiomyolipoma, myelolipoma,
cysꢀc tumors are cysꢀc lymphangiomas, cystadenomas, hibernoma) and may be resected without oncologic
duplicaꢀons cysts, and retroperitoneal bronchogenic criteria. The incidence of retroperitoneal lipomas
cysts. The type of approach chosen will depend on the is extremely low (around 30 cases published in the
experience of the surgical team and the possibility of literature). The presence of a homogeneous lipomatous
resecꢀon avoiding cyst rupture, although resecꢀons mass in the retroperitoneum should suggest a well-
with prior evacuaꢀon of cyst contents have been differenꢀated liposarcoma among other enꢀꢀes.
described, as the authors reported in their work.
As Mineꢁ et al. menꢀoned, the only possibility
well-differenꢀated
As for solid non-lipomatous tumors, neural of differenꢀaꢀng between
a
tumors represent the most common histologic type liposarcoma and a lipoma is by core-needle aspiraꢀon
of tumor undergoing minimally invasive resecꢀon. In via the retroperitoneal route using FISH technique to
this seꢁng, schwannomas and ganglioneuromas are evaluate MDM2 gene amplificaꢀon (amplified in well-
8
the most common tumors reported. The laparoscopic differenꢀated/dedifferenꢀated liposarcomas) . Paꢀents
approach seems an interesꢀng opꢀon for small with neurofibromatosis type 1 usually present mulꢀple
schwannomas without foraminal involvement. In large neurofibromas in the retroperitoneum; in case of only 1
lesions with extension to soꢃ ꢀssues or bone erosion retroperitoneal lesion or 1 dominant lesion, malignant
the convenꢀonal treatment would be recommended. transformaꢀon to a peripheral nerve sheath tumor
Localized ganglioneuromas might be resected via should be ruled out. In these paꢀents, core needle
laparoscopy. However, parꢀal or total involvement biopsy, or PET-CT with 18-FDG in cases of plexiform
of midline vascular structures or great vessels is neurofibromas, can help characterize the lesion and
9
not uncommon; in these cases, the convenꢀonal define the most appropriate approach .
approach seems more reasonable, although the
AS Mineꢁ et al. reported, the incidence of
decision will depend on the experience of the surgical retroperitoneal tumors is low. However, the general
team. Unlike ganglioneuromas, retroperitoneal or surgeon has a high probability of finding this type of
pelvic paragangliomas do not usually involve the tumor at some point during his or her professional
adjacent vessels, and their resecꢀon is simpler. In pracꢀce. As these tumors are uncommon, with different
these tumors, the possibility of catecholamine release eꢀologies and variable biological behavior, their
requires an appropriate preoperaꢀve management management must be carried out on a mulꢀdisciplinary
to avoid procedures that may increase the risk of basis to ensure a correct assessment and adequate
hypertensive crisis (catecholamine measurement, treatment.
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