Rapp SI y cols. Carcinoma de paraꢂroides. Rev Argent Cir 2021;113(3):367-370
369
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para el seguimiento de estos pacientes; los valores per- ta inicial . La morbimortalidad en estos pacientes está
sistentes de PTH o de calcio elevados se asocian a recu- más relacionada con el manejo de la hipercalcemia y
rrencia local, exꢀrpación incompleta y/o enfermedad a sus complicaciones renales y cardiovasculares, que con
distancia.ꢁꢁ
Su pronósꢀco es variable; los factores que in-
la progresión local de la enfermedad.ꢁ
Con un seguimiento de 30 meses, el caso que
fluyen en él son: retraso en el diagnósꢀco, invasión lo- moꢀva esta presentación cursa sin evidencia clínica ni
cal y/o metástasis a distancia al momento de la consul- bioquímica de enfermedad. ꢁ
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ENGLISH VERSION
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine
Of
183
paꢀents
with
primary
malignancy, accounꢀng for less than 1% of cases of hyperparathyroidism undergoing surgery in the
primary hyperparathyroidism with an indolent but Department of Head and Neck Surgery of Hospital
1
progressive behavior and can consꢀtute an endocrine Universitario Austral between 2001 and 2020, 84% were
emergency when it presents with severe hypercalcemia, adenomas, 13.1% had hyperplasia of the parathyroid
as in the present case.
glands, 0.7% (3 cases) were atypical adenomas and one
We report the case of a 54-year-old female case corresponded to a parathyroid carcinoma (0.5%).
paꢀent who sought medical care due to asthenia, In 19 paꢀents the resecꢀon of the parathyroid glands
dyspepsia, vomiꢀng and weight loss (6 kg) within the was associated with surgery of the thyroid gland.
past 6 months.
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of
On admission, the laboratory tests showed hypercalcemia associated with very high PTH levels.
creaꢀnine levels of 1.95 mg/dL, BUN 99 mg/dL, Unlike benign tumors, it is not more common in women
hypercalcemia 11.2 mg/dL and parathyroid hormone and occurs in younger paꢀents (5th decade of life);
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42 pg/mL. The paꢀent was admiꢄed with a diagnosis symptoms are unspecific and has slow growth, which
1
of acute kidney failure. A contrast-enhanced computed explains why it is usually diagnosed later .
tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis
The clinical manifestaꢀons are due to the
reported lyꢀc lesions in both iliac bones that were overproducꢀon of PTH that can reach levels 10 ꢀmes
2
not present in a previous scan performed in 2011. A above the normal value . Most paꢀents present signs of
techneꢀum-99m (Tc-99m)-sestamibi parathyroid gland renal and bone involvement at the ꢀme of diagnosis, as
scinꢀgraphyshoweddiffuseincreaseduptakeintheright in this case. Other symptoms include anorexia, nausea,
thyroid gland (Fig. 1). She was treated with intravenous vomiꢀng, abdominal pain, pepꢀc ulcer, weakness,
fluids and bisphosphonates, with parꢀal recovery. An myalgias, arthralgias, pancreaꢀꢀs, weight loss and
3
ultrasound of the neck showed a 1-mm solid lesion in faꢀgue . On some occasions, paꢀents may present with
the right thyroid lobe; fine needle aspiraꢀon (FNA) was a parathyroid crisis with calcium levels >16 mg/dL, a
unsaꢀsfactory for diagnosis. Calcium levels remained clinical event that is difficult to manage.
elevated (13.5 mg/dL) with ionized calcium of 1.92
A palpable neck mass is a common finding (40-
4
mmol/L, 25-OHvitamin D3 of 18.70 ng/mL, calciuria of 70%) and 15-30% of cases have cervical lymph node
2
85 mg/24hours and parathormone (PTH) of 1036 pg/ metastases. Distant metastases are unusual in the early
mL. A magneꢀc resonance imaging (MRI) of the neck stages; the most common sites are lung (40%), bone
1
and thorax reported a rounded lesion of 10 × 15mm, (20%) and liver (10%) .
with well-defined borders, behind the right thyroid lobe
The preoperaꢀve localizaꢀon of the lesion is
(Fig. 1.B).ꢁWith a presumpꢀve diagnosis of malignant crucial to plan the correct treatment; the combinaꢀon
hypercalcemia versus metastaꢀc lesions, a CT-guided of two tests, Tc-99m-sestamibi parathyroid gland
percutaneous biopsy of the lyꢀc lesions in the iliac bone scinꢀgraphy and ultrasound of the neck, offers the
was performed, which confirmed osteiꢀs fibrosa cysꢀca best results. If parathyroid carcinoma is suspected, CT
consistent with hyperparathyroidism.
scan and MRI should be performed to evaluate local
The paꢀent underwent surgical exploraꢀon extension for disease staging. Flourine 18 fluorocholine
with en bloc resecꢀon of the parathyroid glands and the positron emission tomography helps to localize the
right thyroid lobe (Fig. 2). The pathological examinaꢀon tumor when the results of scinꢀgraphy are inconclusive
reported the presence of parathyroid carcinoma. or negaꢀve, with sensiꢀvity of 90% and posiꢀve
6
Postoperaꢀve PTH level was 6 pg/mL.
predicꢀve value of 100% .
The paꢀent evolved with favorable outcome.
The
definiꢀve
diagnosis
requires
One month aꢅer surgery, the laboratory tests showed histopathological confirmaꢀon, which is complex
PTH 71.6 pg/mL, calcium 9.5 mg/dL and ionized calcium as with other endocrine neoplasms, given the
1
.11 mmol/L. So far, these tests have remained within difficult differenꢀaꢀon from atypical adenoma. The
normal levels and ultrasound scans are normal. development of tumor cells beyond the parathyroid