Guarneri CS y cols. COVID-19: Repercusión en la presentación de los casos quirúrgicos. Rev Argent Cirug 2021;113(2):197-204
203
Discussion
The health emergency caused by the SARS-
prolonged operaꢀve ꢀme thus increasing the risk of
5-7
transmission .
Thereaꢃer, some studies suggested that the
CoV-2 pandemic resulted in the implementaꢀon of risk of transmission is lower when the laparoscopic
regulaꢀons issued by the Presidency of the Republic approach is performed with the appropriate equipment
and carried out through the Ministry of Public Health.
8
and by experienced surgeons . Other authors
Insꢀtuꢀonal healthcare standards for the care describe that the laparoscopic approach requires
of paꢀents and healthcare workers were established, as extreme measures to protect the airway and mucous
well as specific protocols for triage and care of SARS- membranes and avoid direct exposures during ouꢅlow
1
,2
9
CoV-2 posiꢀve paꢀents .
Undoubtedly, all these measures had an
of gas, occasional evacuaꢀons or final evacuaꢀon .
The most recent guidelines of the SAGES and
impact at the hospital level. A general percepꢀon of the EAES10 suggest that while laparoscopy can theoreꢀcally
surgical teams was the difficulty in resolving common lead to aerosolizaꢀon of blood borne viruses, there is
surgical emergency diseases in paꢀents who, in the no evidence available to confirm this is the case with
context of the pandemic, sought medical care with COVID-19. In fact, several studies failed to isolate the
a more advanced or complicated stage of disease, a virus in samples of peritoneal fluid in these paꢀents11.
fact that could be reflected in higher postoperaꢀve
morbidity and mortality rates.
Therefore, the decision of the approach should
be made considering its benefits.
Bearing this in mind, it was reasonable to
In a report carried out in this healthcare
seꢆng at Hospital Maciel, Ruso et al. reported that -as expect a slight increase in the open approach compared
a consequence of the healthcare emergency and the with the previous period (pre-COVID-19), a fact that we
recommendaꢀons for rescheduling surgeries- there was believe may be influenced by internaꢀonal protocols or
a steep decline in the number of surgical procedures guidelines on the approach in COVID-19 paꢀents.
in the public system throughout the country. Thus,
However, this percepꢀon proved to be wrong,
the total volume of surgeries decreased by 48% and as there was a staꢀsꢀcally significant difference (p
elecꢀve procedures declined by 83%, while the number = 0.006) in favor of the laparoscopic approach in the
of emergency surgeries remained stable, as was also group influenced by the presence of the pandemic.
3
observed in that hospital .
Our center is a university hospital in which the surgical
In general terms, the percentage of emergency team on duty is made up of residents in surgery and
surgical condiꢀons in our hospital was similar in both trained surgeons who might have chosen this approach
periods, i.e., before and during the health emergency based on the experience of the aꢄending clinician,
p = 0.24). the paꢀents’ needs, and on many studies which have
However, the diagnosis associated with demonstrated that the approach does not represent a
(
complicaꢀons or advanced stages of the disease was major biohazard.
twice as high, as there was a staꢀsꢀcally significant
It should be noted that in our hospital all
difference compared with the same period in 2019 (p paꢀents requiring emergency surgery underwent
=
0.0001). clinical triage, and no paꢀents with suspected COVID-19
Postoperaꢀve morbidity and mortality were or confirmed cases were operated on.
greater in the populaꢀon analyzed during the COVID-19
pandemic (p = 0.01), which could be due to delayed
consultaꢀon with complicated condiꢀons, associated Study limitaꢀons and strengths
systemic involvement and the possible need for greater
requirements in the postoperaꢀve period.
This is a retrospecꢀve study with a sample size
Like other internaꢀonal publicaꢀons have that has not been calculated, since the informaꢀon
menꢀoned, the aꢄempt to limit the entrance of about the surgical implicaꢀons of the pandemic is
paꢀents resulted in consultaꢀon delays, which is clearly scarce.
reflected at the ꢀme of admission and during the
On the other hand, the strength of the present
4
surgical procedure. Zhang reported that 50% of elecꢀve work is that it was conducted in a university reference
surgeries that were postponed or canceled resulted in center in Uruguay, where the most complex cases are
more emergency surgeries for complicated condiꢀons treated. The period selected for the study does not
with more advanced disease stages, requirement of include mandatory preoperaꢀve nasopharyngeal swab
intensive care unit, and higher morbidity. That is why tesꢀng as nowadays, independently of the presence
he suggested revising the term “elecꢀve” as a surgery of respiratory symptoms. Considering that at present
that can be scheduled but not postponed.
many paꢀents become infected during hospitalizaꢀon,
Iniꢀally, some studies suggested that the it would be extremely valuable to analyze the
open approach was safer than the laparoscopic one. preoperaꢀve, intraoperaꢀve and postoperaꢀve
The raꢀonale for this statement is that video-assisted complicaꢀons and how SARS-CoV-2 affects them; this
surgeries are aerosol generaꢀng procedures with study would then be the trigger for future research.