O Korn Bruzzone y col. El diafragma, el hiato y la unión gastroesofágica. Rev Argent Cirug 2020;112(4):407-413
4
13
prevalent in our days, of the presence of a physiologic
■
FIGURE 4
yet not anatomic sphincter. In 1977 Winans further
challenged the classic concept of the circular sphincter,
and of "physiologic" sphincter, when he demonstrated
the existence of a manometric asymmetry of the lower
1
3
esophageal sphincter .
In 1979, the anatomic studies of the GEJ
1
4
performed by Liebermann et al. solved the problem
by demonstraꢀng that the lower esophageal sphincter
is not a muscular ring but rather two muscle bundles
that encircle the lumen: the clasp fibers at the lesser
curvature and the oblique sling fibers at the greater
curvature. The descripꢀon indicates a parꢀcular
arrangement and an increase in the amount of fibers
of the internal muscle layer of the GEJ. The fibers of
the inner muscular layer do not form a ring or circular
muscle around the enꢀre perimeter of the cardia;
instead, they form a layer of semicircular fibers or clasps
oriented transversely, embracing the lesser curvature at
Arrangement of semicircular “clasp” fibers at the lesser curvature and
oblique “sling” fibers at the greater curvature. These muscle bands
consꢀtute the anatomic structure of the gastroesopahgeal sphincter.
There are no fibers surrounding the perimeter of the gastoresopha-
1
5
geal joint .
the GEJ. These clasps fibers are inserted firmly into the clasp fibers and the oblique or cling muscular fibers.
submucous connecꢀve ꢀssue at the margin of contact Several studies by our team confirm these findings and
1
5
with the oblique fibers. The oblique sling fibers, which definiꢀvely rule out the existence of a muscular ring .
surround the greater curvature (Fig. 4) are a muscular
Understanding the anatomy of the lower
bundle of 3 cm width and cover an area that starts 1.5 esophageal sphincter with its parꢀcular muscular
cm above the angle of His and ascend forming part of structure, eliminaꢀng the concept of an annular or
the distal end of the esophagus, surrounding the GEJ as only physiologic sphincter is very important, because it
a stole. Both arms (anterior and posterior) run parallel allows understanding why surgical acꢀons, not only on
to the lesser curvature in direcꢀon to the antrum. The the cardia but also on the gastric body, can impact on the
end of the clasp fibers meets at almost a right angle the sphincteric acꢀon. The site of Zaijer's cardiomyotomy,
lateral margin of the sling fibers.
and currently peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM)
Therefore, the LES is not an annular sphincter, in achalasia is not irrelevant16 and distal parꢀal
but rather made up of two muscle bundles, which gastrectomy or sleeve gastrectomy can seriously impact
1
7
are acꢀng complementary to close the lumen: the and compromise sphincteric competence .
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1
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.
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