E38
AM Mineꢀ et al. Laparoscopic approach of a retroperitoneal schwannoma. Rev Argent Cirug 2019;111(1):E36-E39
(
above the renal pedicle) seem to offer more challen-
■
FIGURE 3
ges; however, their approach could be similar to that of
adrenalectomy, which a procedure with sufficient expe-
rience.
In this sense, the authors cite a literature re-
view of paraganglioma management that they had
previously performed, with 8 publicaꢀons with few pa-
ꢀ
ents and 23 case reports. These trials involved 84 pa-
ents with 3 (3.5%) paꢀents who underwent robot as-
ꢀ
sisted operaꢀon, 68 (81%) paꢀents who underwent the
transperitoneal laparoscopic approach, and 13 (15.5%)
paꢀents who underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic
approaches, confirming the preference of the transpe-
2
ritoneal laparoscopic approach .
Schwannomas are rare and most of them oc-
cur in the neck and trunk. Retroperitoneal schwanno-
mas are uncommon (1%) comprising approximately 3%
of benign and malignant schwannomas. These tumors
Surgical specimen. Ruler is in cenꢀmeters
FIGURE 4
■
occur between the fourth and sixth decades of life and
the raꢀo between men and women is 2:31
,4,5
.
The histology is characterized by areas of com-
pact cellularity ( Antoni A areas) and loose myxoid areas
(
Antoni B areas). Immunohistochemical tests are posi-
ꢀ
ve for S-100 protein, confirming the neuroectodermal
origin. In 1951, Ackerman and Taylor described the sub-
type “ancient schwannoma”, a variant with degenera-
ꢀ
on and hypocellularity associated with long-standing
tumors. This variant can show parꢀcular features in the
computed tomography scan and magneꢀc resonance
imaging which may be difficult to differenꢀate from
malignant tumors. For this reason, some authors re-
commend performing core needle biopsy, as fine-nee-
6
dle aspiraꢀon biopsy may not give conclusive results .
Immunohistochemistry showing AE1-AE3-cytokeraꢀn 7, s100, vimen-
Positron emission tomography has limitaꢀons
ꢀ
n, chromogranin, synaptophysin, smooth muscle acꢀn, desmin, me-
to disꢀnguish schwannomas from malignancies becau-
se these tumors oꢁen have a high level of FDG uptake .
lanin, CD34, CD56, GFAP, and determinaꢀon of the MIB-1 anꢀbody.
Cells showed posiꢀve immunoreacꢀvity to s100 and negaꢀve to the
restofmarkers. Theindexofproliferaꢀveacꢀvitywaslow, lessthan1%.
5
The laparoscopic approach was uncommon
unꢀl 2008, and Tateki Yoshino and Kenji Yoneda repor-
ted only 11 publicaꢀons in the English literature. From
the available data, the average size of schawannomas,
operaꢀon ꢀme and intraoperaꢀve blood loss, including
our case, were 45 mm (19-80), 174 minutes (90-130)
and 150 ml (15-310), respecꢀvely. There were no in-
1
1
01.59 ± 31.12 min with an esꢀmated blood loss of
69.78 ± 176.70 mL. The mean diameter of the tumors
was 4.53 ± 1.18 cm. Intraoperaꢀve blood transfusions
were required in three procedures (600–1100ml), and
these three tumors were successfully resected without
conversions to open operaꢀons. The maximum diame-
ters of the three paragangliomas were 5.0 cm, 5.8 cm,
and 6.5 cm, and all of them showed dense adhesion to
the surrounding ꢀssues or great vessels.
Five postoperaꢀve complicaꢀons were observed in this
study, including 1 wound infecꢀon, 2 lymphorrhagias, 1
deep venous thrombosis and 1 pneumonia .
4
traoperaꢀve or postoperaꢀve complicaꢀons .
Recently, Nozaki et al. published 4 cases of
retroperitoneal neural tumors (3 schwannomas and 1
neuroblastoma) managed with laparoscopic approach.
They used a technique that was similar to the one re-
ported in our study, but they reported bleeding compli-
2
6
caꢀons in 1 paꢀent and urinoma in another .
Probably, pure retroperitoneal approach with retro-
neumoperitoneum may be a more complex procedure,
more suitable for small lesions. In addiꢀon, the ope-
raꢀon field is not large enough to deal with bleeding
complicaꢀons, as the authors showed.
Moon Sool Yang et al. reported one case of ro-
boꢀc surgery using the da Vinci Surgical System®. The
tumor was located in the retroperitoneal space, on the
leꢁ side of the L4 and L5 vertebral bodies and was ap-
proached in a right semilateral posiꢀon using 4 trocars.
The procedure enabled delicate dissecꢀon, minimal
bleeding and the paꢀent was unevenꢃully discharged
The intraperitoneal approach seems to be
more favorable for larger lesions, and may offer bet-
ter control of the great vessels. Para-adrenal tumors
7
8 hours later .
4