3
04
FB Mazzei y col. Neumatosis intesꢁnal. Rara presentación de abdomen agudo. Rev Argent Cirug 2019;111(4):302-304
minal pain lasꢀng 12 hours and vomiꢀng aꢃer dialysis.
On physical examinaꢀon she presented fever (38.3 °C),
blood pressure of 100/60, heart rate of 110 bpm, res-
piratory rate of 18 bpm and pulse oxygen saturaꢀon of
■ FIGURE 1
9
0% breathing room air. The abdomen was distended
and tender with guarding and rebound tenderness,
tympanic and with absence of bowel sounds.
The lab tests showed leukocytosis and impai-
red kidney funcꢀon (blood urea nitrogen 160 mg/dL
and creaꢀnine level 3.2 mg/dL).
A computed tomography (CT) scan without
contrast media that was performed due to the history
of kidney dysfuncꢀon showed large PI involving the
duodenal loop, small bowel and colon, PVG and mesen-
teric pneumatosis (Figs. 1 and 2).
The paꢀent underwent exploratory laparo-
tomy which demonstrated celiac trunk ischemia with
bowel, splenic and hepaꢀc necrosis associated with
mulꢀple mesenteric thromboses.
The paꢀent died during surgery due to mulꢀor-
gan failure.
Portal venous gas (arrow)
■
FIGURE 2
Case report 2 . A 68 year-old male paꢀent with
a history of HT sought medical care for abdominal pain
and distenꢀon lasꢀng 24 hours. He complained of ina-
bility to pass gas and consꢀpaꢀon on the previous days.
On physical examinaꢀon, the paꢀent appeared lucid,
with no fever and the vital signs were within normal
parameters. The abdomen was rigid, tender on palpa-
ꢀ
on and with absence of bowel sounds.
The lab tests showed discrete leukocytosis
11,000/mm3), the hematocrit was 30%, hemoglobin
(
level of 10.1 mg/dL and creaꢀnine level of 1.8 mg/dL.
The plain abdominal X-ray showed bowel dis-
tension.
A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed
pneumatosis involving the stomach and small bowel up
to the distal ileum, associated with PVG.
The paꢀent evolved with unfavorable clinical
course and underwent laparatomy, which revealed me-
senteric ischemia associated with bowel necrosis. The
paꢀent died 48 hours aꢃer surgery.
Pneumatosis intesꢀnalis (arrow)
had no significant personal past history, except for HT.
The management of PI involves treatment of
the underlying condiꢀon and may require surgical in-
Pneumatosis intesꢀnalis is a rare presentaꢀon
of acute abdomen. A theory hypothesizes that gas dis-
sects the mucosa layer into the bowel wall from the in-
tesꢀnal lumen due to increased pressure, while another
theory proposes that gas produced by gas-forming bac-
teria enter the bowel wall through the submucosa.
3
tervenꢀon or medical care .
The presence of bowel necrosis is the most
significant risk factor in paꢀents with acute abdomen,
PI and PVG to decide therapy. A conservaꢀve approach
The first case reported is a female paꢀent with can be decided in the absence of bowel necrosis.
PI and bowel ischemia secondary to hypoperfusion as-
Paꢀents with ischemia, necrosis and sepsis
sociated with dialysis and a history of atherosclerosis usually require surgical management, but mortality is
and dyslipidemia. In the second case report, the paꢀent about 75%.
Referencias bibliográꢁcas | References
1
. Wayne E, Ough M, Wu A, Liao J, Andresen KJ, Kuhen D, et
al.Management algorithm for pneumatosis intesꢀnalis and portal
venous gas: treatment and outcome of 88 consecuꢀve cases. J
Gastrointest Surg. 2010; 14:437-48.
. Sooby P, Harshen R, Joarder R. An unusual triad of pneumatosis
intesꢀnalis, portal venous gas and pneumoperitoneum in an as-
ymptomaꢀc paꢀent. J SurgCase Rep. 2015;4:1-3
3. DuBose JJ, Lissauer M, Maung AA, et al. Pneumatosis Intesꢀnalis
Predicꢀve Evaluaꢀon Study (PIPES): a mulꢀcenter epidemiologic
study of the Eastern Associaꢀon for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trau-
ma Acute Care Surg. 2013; 75:15-23.
2